excimer laser for the treatment of myopia

According to statistics, in 1986, 21 million U.S. hospital surgeries have been 2.5 million cases in the use of CO2 laser scalpel, 12% of the total operation, the U.S. National 2 / 3 of outpatient has laser medical equipment. In the U.S. the new laser medical equipment and medical technology continues to occur, for example, disc 20-25 million U.S. patients each year, of which 10-20% can be removed with a laser; the United States, 14 million people who want to remove the tattoo, the United States each year 450,000 patients diagnosed with kidney stones, of which 1 / 3 or with endoscopic laser lithotripsy technology, characterization of the cornea with the excimer laser for vision correction has been made to more than 20,000 cases, the United States in 1995 FDA approved for use, expected in 1996 may have 200-300 units sold in the U.S. excimer laser for the treatment of myopia, the output value of about 8000-12000 million dollars; in 1995 to promote the CO2 laser cosmetic surgery, especially to remove wrinkles surgery are welcome to promote the cause of these two operations in 1995 increased the income of medical lasers. The quality of laser pointer has been improved more after the technical problem was tackled.
This method is called to remove wrinkles and then smooth the skin laser therapy, the price of each treatment in the United States from $ 800 to $ 4,500 (not including insurance premiums), which estimated the market size of the skin and then smooth up to 1.5 billion dollar, which has attracted at least eight companies for the smooth skin and then release CO2 laser laser therapy system. It is predicted that the first generation of soft-tissue dental laser machine in the early nineties up to several thousand units sold, sales of $ 090 million, the second generation of hard-tissue dental laser machine may replace most of the mechanical dental drill market. In early 1994, the Japanese optoelectronics industry in Japan Technology Promotion Association announced the laser - optoelectronics industry production value in 1992-1993, here only the situation in 1993. 1993 Japanese optoelectronics industry output value of 3.785 trillion yen forecast (If 110 Japan: 1 U.S. dollar terms, should be $ 34.4 billion), compared with 3.5066 trillion yen in 1992 rose by 7.9%. Opto-electronics industry, including optoelectronic devices and optoelectronic components in two parts, which optoelectronic devices is 2.8086 trillion yen (about 255 million), optoelectronic components for the 976.4 billion yen (about $ 8.9 billion). The disassembly procedure of laser pointer is easy actually.

the semiconductor laser diode chip

Laser technology is the laser display industry, one of the main support conditions. This requires us to strengthen the development of laser technology, especially in laser technology breakthrough, because the laser will have a direct effect of the decision of the laser display. At present, China is still relatively lacking in this respect, any course is the main imports. Laser technology is another major investment in the support conditions. Laser display industry is a relatively long process of industrial development, long-term R & D investment is that many companies can not afford, so need the government investment in research funds for research and development. The only way to ensure that the field of laser technology research to move forward quickly. Laser display industry chain is very long, from the semiconductor laser diode chip R & D R & D production and then laser TV development, production spread to microelectronics, optical electronics, white goods, black appliances fields. Downstream industries which are the end product manufacturing industry (such as monitors, projectors and other equipment of the production), the upstream industry with the production of semiconductor devices. Greater efforts to promote the laser display industry will be able to bring a lot of high-tech industry. A new warehouse of laser pointer is under the construction. The production of laser pointer needs the guide of technical theory of laser pointer . It is reported that by 2000 the three major U.S. car companies 50% of the resistance spot welding line will be replaced by laser-welding production lines. 1995 World sales of laser processing system to account for the 1950 units, 640 units of which the United States, accounting for 34%. Mainly used in laser processing CO2 lasers and Nd: YAG laser. 58% in the U.S. for CO2 laser cutting, welding for 12%, 11% for the mark, 1% for the heat treatment, the other is 18%; Nd: YAG lasers for welding 24%, 39% for the mark, 7 % used for cutting, 18% for micro-machining, 3% for drilling, other 9%. In the medical laser, the United States is a world leader. Laser medical equipment is widely available not only in the United States, and a large number of exports, the United States, laser medical equipment by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) unified management, and only approved registered before use and production, thus ensuring the products of laser medical equipment quality and reliability and security. The technical problems of laser pointer have been solved.

Carbon monoxide laser power

laser companies: Coherent, Spectra Physics Inc., United Technology (URTC) company, PRC company, Combustion Engineering, Lumonics Corporation, Synrad company, Marted Lasers company, Electrox Company and ESI Corporation. Coherent and Spectra-Physics laser two largest U.S. companies, accounting for U.S. laser company more than 40% of total sales. The technology is the newly rising technology of laser pointer .
Spectra-Physics Department of the company's industrial laser of high power CO2 lasers equity Rofin-Sinar in Germany has acquired the company, mainly produces 1.5kW-6kW cross-flow CO2 laser. Joint technology company mainly produces iodine laser wavelength of 1.3 microns and solid-state laser diode excitation UV excimer lasers. Now more than carbon dioxide laser power of 500W, and in theory up to 100KW, recent reports have reached 20kW. And its power is bigger, the better, so the Japanese research and development of the carbon dioxide laser to send to expectations. Carbon monoxide laser power industry to create the Institute of Japan jointly developed with Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, 89 years to achieve a continuous four hours 5kW, 7kW short period of oscillation output. 93 years of its output power has reached 20kW, it is cutting welding Chiang Kai-shek to emerge, and the high-power iodine laser is the Japanese industry to create research and Kawasaki Heavy Industries developed together in 1989 and a near-infrared oscillation, which is the chemical laser, characterized by high efficiency oscillation, 5kW CO laser, 1kW iodine laser device has been set up in April 1992 established the laser application engineering center. The child only can use the  laser pointer under the supervision of the parents. laser pointer is in the good appearance. The expert has noticed the technology difference of laser pointer . In addition, the arc lamp excitation solid laser amplification are 3kW, because there is increased power led to beam divergence angle is too large and low pulse repetition frequency oscillation drawback, Japan is trying to develop semiconductor excitation YAG laser to replace it. According to reports, 1kW diode excitation by a YAG laser is made by the Japanese National Research Institute. Currently, high-power excimer lasers and their applications in materials processing research and development aroused great interest. It can make use of short-wavelength high-energy photons do not produce heat at the molecular level of processing.

laser technology top the list in optoelectronics

Promote advances in medical technology, improve people's health medical laser technology currently in ophthalmology, surgery, internal medicine, gynecology, ENT, cardiology, dermatology and other fields are widely used, laser medical equipment has entered the hospital above the county level, which of medical and technological progress and improving people's health plays an important role. Accelerate the modernization of national defense technology laser technology has been used in the military distance, direction, guidance, communications and tactical weapons, weapons and equipment to improve performance, increase the hit rate and reliability play an important role, and there is a certain number of products exported. Development of laser industry abroad, according to "Laser Collection" 1997 report, the world laser market can be divided into three regions: the United States (including North America) 55%, 22% Europe, Japan and the Pacific region accounted for 23%. Japanese market in the world of laser technology top the list in optoelectronics, the United States ranked second; in medical laser and laser detection is the United States top the list; in laser materials processing equipment is Germany top the list. Therefore, we chose the United States, Japan, Germany three countries to present their development of laser industry, laser market will reflect the basic situation of the world and its development trend. The expected use time of laser pointer can be really long.
Development of the U.S. laser industry has yet to see the full description American Laser - Optoelectronics Industry Development of the complete data are only based on the literature reviewed. 1994 U.S. Optoelectronics Industry Development Association, the 1993 World Laser - Optoelectronics market were Statistics, with a total of 750 billion U.S. dollars; U.S. Optoelectronics Industry Development Association to monitor, optical storage, optical communications and optoelectronic technology industry known as a hard copy, and that this area is now Japan's dominant position in the $ 75 billion value of about 50% in Japan, the United States should be aware that the current development of optoelectronic technology industry, the United States in this area can account for a large share. The following describes the United States of laser processing and laser medical aspects of the development. According to the 1996 "Industrial Laser Review" magazine in 1995, worldwide sales of laser processing system about $ 1.1 billion, the U.S. accounted for 31%, Europe 32% Japan 35%, other 2%. More well-known in the U.S.

a new generation of energy-saving low-power display technology

Laser display technology brings color display, color saturation, and their low power consumption, no does not mean that the future direction of display technology development, according to experts in subjects as in the laser show as a new generation of energy-saving low-power display technology with superior characteristics. 1,000 million flat-panel TV for four hours a day, a total of 29 billion kWh annual consumption, these households use more energy if laser TV will be saving 20 billion kWh per year in recent years in several large thermal power generation capacity sum, equivalent to 1.73 million tons per year to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Meanwhile, the core component of the laser shows in the production process does not use any heavy metals, no waste water, waste gas, waste disposal, is truly environmentally friendly light source. The operating time of  laser pointer  is included in the manual.
In the 21st century, environmental protection and sustainable development of energy become a national consensus, is the world's consumers generally tend to the formation of common values. With the flat-panel TV market share in recent years a rapid increase, followed by high energy consumption is becoming increasingly recognized in national attention. According to reports, the recent Europe, the United States, Japan, Australia and other countries TV industry has a unified technology for all TV energy testing standards IEC62087Ed2, the TV industry will face a new energy standard constraints; while the EU will further regulate the introduction, intended to limit the high-energy flat-panel TV sales; the U.S. Energy Star and California issued orders to implement energy efficiency regulations TBT, are all flat-panel TV energy consumption, there are strict requirements. Environmental aspects of the product to Europe and the United States have led the introduction of stringent environmental rules, which the EU "Directive on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment" and "electrical and electronic equipment on the Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive" the most representative , and its concept of "life-cycle environmental impact assessment" concept whereby product manufacturers or importers designed in response to the product life cycle impact on the environment assessment. The operating time of  laser pointer  can be calculated.

international laser display technology and product development

In addition, the laser display products in the manufacturing process does not consume a lot of water and does not require the use of mercury and other heavy metals, so the more environmentally friendly. A collection of excellent color characteristics of both performance and energy saving display a new generation laser display technology has been the subject of much attention. The operating time of  laser pointer  can be prolonged.
After a black and white display technology display, color display to the digital display, the program has completed the transition to high-resolution, digital changes. However, the current color space display products covered by the human eye can only identify the color space of 31.8%, difficult to truly restore the natural color, it has become important to further improve the display quality of the barrier. In 2009 China International Energy conservation and new energy technology fair, the laser show in the exhibition by Beijing Optoelectronic Technology Co., Ltd. as the independent R & D Division 65-inch laser TV, the color space, color saturation, respectively, is the traditional television display standard twice and 100 times. Meanwhile, energy consumption does not exceed 200 watts, electrical energy consumption of traditional TV 1 / 3, life is a traditional light source light source 10 times. Also featured is a service before the Olympics laser projection equipment, the energy consumption of a traditional projector 1 / 2, and its color, brightness and other key indicators is the existing conventional display technologies can not match, it application of interpretation of the "Green Olympics" content. The operating time of  laser pointer  has been stated clearly.
Laser display technology not only can enter the existing laser film, laser projectors, laser rear-projection TVs, laser projection video wall displays and other product markets, but also to create a new display products, such as laser micro-projectors, laser projector mobile phone, laser three-dimensional display. According to reports, the laser shows are considered "areas of a display revolution", with more than $ 50 billion a year market outlook. Sony, Mitsubishi Electric, Seiko Epson, Samsung, Germany Oushi Lang and other industry giants are stepping up international laser display technology and product development.

the starting point of the optical path

The displayed graphic outline of distortion out of the anchor line, anchor get more closer to the original graph, but the greater the display file, a picture of the scan cycle increased. Anchor coordinates (x, y) by the D / A converter output, the console driver board through optical mirrors the direction of the control, respectively, mapped to the screen will anchor the body. As the galvanometer scan frequency of large graph can be done 25 frames / sec, therefore, the quality of the laser scan can be guaranteed. The principle of laser animation show animation in general is similar to an animation file from the component pieces of the action related pictures, taken in turn coordinates to locate the anchor scan. Optical scanning unit is a complete system to produce graphic effects of direct enforcement agency. Optical console optical system optical switch is driven by the motor mirror changes in the corner to complete. The approval of laser pointer  has been stated clearly.
Based on pre-arranged program, the microcontroller through the D / A card output switching signal to the splitting of the motor driver board, amplified to drive the motor rotation. To get the projection surface geometry, the key is turned to two of the motor speed and the combination to achieve the spatial dynamics of the laser beam combination. As the light of continuity, when the mirror rotates, the inevitable connection between two points in a line, so projected on the screen graphics, the graphics can be divided into a section of straight line segments, as long as the control of the mirror between the laser beam at each end in order quickly move on it. On the screen for an axis through the mirror of the optical analysis, X can be considered to mirror motor control motor control 1 and Y 2 respectively control the mirror projection graph of X and Y directions. The square, for example, as shown, taking the square of the center coordinates of the origin (that is, the starting point of the optical path), the square of the four vertices are A, B, C, D. The approval of laser pointer  should be done at first.
To be projected on the screen such as a square, two stepper motor rotation direction and order: the first projection on the screen point to the point E, that is, Y stepper motor is transferred to Step 3; and X to the motor is Step 3 to rotate (A point); Y motor reverse rotation to Step 6 (B point); X 6 steps to reverse rotation of the motor (C point); Y motor forward rotation to step 6 (D point); X to 3 steps forward motor rotation (E point).

Laser light source generator is the whole system

when the two mirrors is proportional to the speed and at a certain shift combinations to achieve a dynamic beam synthesis of space, has been receiving a stable image on the screen. If you change the two motor armature voltage applied on the size and positive and negative polarity, that is reversible motor speed, or manually adjust the mirror that is attached to the motor shell seat fine-tuning knob to change the inclination of two mirrors, you can get, such as rose clover lines and a series of shapes, rich geometry to. The light weight of laser pointer  will attract more customers. Laser light source generator is the whole system, the laser display environment, the body and screen configurations required to achieve the effect of different colors, different power lasers. General indoor display, screen body closer with the launch point, the lower power requirements, and because the human eye is more sensitive to red light, red laser under the same conditions selected generator power generators than other color laser power is low. Lasers used for display, the light intensity of 800-1200 lumens, has been able to meet the requirements of most people, so the display system of the laser power in the tens of mW ① ~ 20W. The approval of laser pointer has been got.
The laser uses a wavelength of 0.63um semiconductor lasers, because of its wavelength and 0.6328um similar, and therefore can replace the He-Ne laser produces red light, a small firm, difficult to damage, to make up for the lack of He-Ne laser. Optical display system console to control the laser optical path portion, including the optical system and control system. Optical system of the laser beam optical switching, scanning the laser beam produces a variety of effects. Control system for optical displacement of the optics system, turning the drive control. Unit in the optical light path of the front console, the drive motor and the mirror, single-chip control of the motor rotation control signal to drive the mirror to the incident laser beam to the screen to form a pattern. Optical scanning signal from the graphics file. By general image processing software to produce graphics to display graphics contour lines, contour lines in the production of contour to the attention of the closed and compact. The approval of laser pointer  has been finished.

the laser wavelength of the other is transparent

Possible targets including tanks and other armored vehicles, surface - air missile positions and ballistic vehicles / erection / launchers. Chemical / biological weapon is a weapon of mass destruction. Face of the growing proliferation of chemical / biological weapons threat, many countries are taking measures to strengthen the defense of such weapons. U.S. Department of Defense that, on the battlefield need to be able to use, fast response, sensitive surveillance system, so as to provide chemical / biological threats to the police. The company will take charge of taking apart the laser pointer .
This system is different from the air defense and antisubmarine systems, must have a search, detection, identification, quantification, monitoring and diagnosis. Laser radar can be used for chemical / biological warfare agents telemetry. Each type of chemical warfare agents only absorb specific wavelengths of laser, the laser wavelength of the other is transparent. Contaminated by chemical warfare agents on the surface is reflected at different wavelengths of laser light. This feature of chemical warfare agents, it allows the use of laser radar detection and identification. Can take advantage of differential absorption lidar, differential scattering, backward elastic scattering, fluorescence induction principle, to achieve the detection of chemical and biological warfare agents. Chemical / biological warfare agent detection laser radar uses lasers, mainly CO2 laser and Nd: YAG laser. CO2 laser radar in 1988, France and the United States on the development of chemical warfare agents Mirela laser detection system, developed a transitional hardware was tested in France, for the further development of the data. In 1994, U.S. Department of Defense study on the battlefield, the laser radar to detect the role of chemical warfare agents, in order to distinguish the French developed the distance-based dual CO2 laser differential absorption lidar system, and conducted field tests. Two more customers has bought this kind of laser pointer .
The system uses a programmable servo motor driven scanner to complete hemisphere scan, high-speed direct detection receiver, in the 1 ~ 2km distance detection of chemical vapor plume smoke, smoke plume mapping the movement and spread, to obtain a distance of about 20m resolution.

the Air Force - Army combined anti-armor submunition's low-cost plan

Laser radar developed by the laboratory, using the operating wavelength of 830nm 30W GaAlAs semiconductor laser, and images obtained from the response shows that the theoretical range resolution of 0.25m. According to sub-munitions guidance program, the Air Force Wright Laboratory has developed two types of submunitions used for laser radar seeker, which uses 24 yuan GaAs semiconductor laser array, the effective distance 200m laser radar, and the use of diode-pumped Nd (YLF lasers, 2km effective range of the laser radar according to the Air Force - Army combined anti-armor submunition's low-cost plan, Wright Laboratory has also developed the use of diode-pumped Nd (YVO4 laser laser radar seeker, and the experiment proved that the self-guided laser radar capability. Allegedly, this seeker is affordability, and is expected to yield 10,000 to $ 12,000 when the cost of production. The laser range of laser pointer  is long enough.
Air Force's "small smart bomb" will use laser radar guidance. Smart bomb is a small surgical precision to put 22.7kg (50 pounds) of high explosives 113.4kg (250 lb) bombs, which damage the accuracy of performance similar to the existing low 900kg (2000 lb) penetrator weapons and less risk of collateral damage. According to the Air Force - Navy joint DASSL program, according to Wright laboratory has the task requires smart small bomb export requirements for laser radar and laser radar seeker of the basic design parameters. ? Lockheed Martin ? Walter's low-cost autonomous attack system, is to attack ground targets small sub-winged guided missiles. The preheating time of laser pointer  should be considered. There is no need to take apart laser pointer
The laser pointer  can not be taken apart by the customer. This Army - Air Force missile joint development of the child, the use of inertial / GPS devices and laser radar seeker based guidance system, by the AGM-130 missiles, AGM-154 missile, MLRS rockets, the Army Tactical missile system and SUU-64 tactical munitions dispenser delivery. Laser radar seeker to search for 370 × 900m range, the formation of the target of three-dimensional images with a resolution of 15cm, to ensure accurate identification of the target.

rule of thumb to determine

Can see the laser, most people know not to look directly at, but not visible only rule of thumb to determine where there is no light, should not be read. The infrared  laser pointer  is not the main product of this company this year. The infrared type of laser pointer has some advantages. The infrared  laser pointer  also has some advantages. White spots on his face long does affect the appearance, so many people are looking for beauty freckle way, usually can only play a temporary role in the cover, you want to spot the real from his face away, or need some scientific methods of. Rejuvenation IPL freckle freckle is a good way. The following plastic surgery by the Beijing Lido expert to tell you about. Rejuvenation IPL freckle effect is very good, IPL skin rejuvenation is a non-invasive skin plastic medical technology, it has a comprehensive improvement of the effectiveness of skin from the base to solve skin problems, diminished fine lines, eliminate the stain, shrink pores, whitening skin. Rejuvenation IPL freckle first step: get rid of redness, skin light up. Point-like light sheet + light phototherapy of skin surface mesh sheet enclosed small bloodshot eyes, the deeper part of the laser dot thick closed vessel, together eliminate the redness, while improving the skin dull, heavy-hwan beautiful skin. The infrared  laser pointer  has taken up some market shares.
Rejuvenation IPL freckle second step: solve the rough skin of water up. Phototherapy light stimulus + light cycle after mild stimulation of collagen, laser point-like cycle, high-intensity stimulation of deep blood vessels, promote blood circulation, to produce more collagen, to solve the skin rough, loose, thus making the skin smooth and delicate, crystal clear water tender. Rejuvenation IPL freckle third step: eliminate the stain, white skin up. Burst of light phototherapy light ablation of superficial skin and soft spots after ablation, Q laser will instantly burst into a small stubborn pigment pigment molecules, metabolism, excretion, completely eliminate freckles, sun spots and other spots, restores the skin smooth and fresh. IPL rejuvenation has numerous freckle spots a woman effectively solve problems, freckle while rejuvenation, if you have a spot of trouble, try this method, be sure to give you a different effect.

wavelengths of laser eye injury site

But minimum irradiation distance of 13cm, the maximum exposure time of ten seconds the following for safety. IIIB typical applications such as laser spectroscopy and entertainment lighting show. ClassIV: high-output continuous-wave (greater than 500mW), higher than the third level, there is a fire hazard, diffuse reflection also at risk. Typical applications such as surgery, research, cutting, welding and micro-mechanical processing. Although the laser safety levels have been defined, but for the human body, especially the human eye, the damage is different at different wavelengths, and therefore, although two or three of the laser, the same should be noted. More customers order more infrared  laser pointer .
Different wavelengths of laser eye injury site, the wavelength partition wavelength range (nm) primary site of injury, 180-400 UV laser cornea, lens, visible laser 400-700 retina, choroid, near-infrared laser 700-1400 retina, choroid, lens, in Far-infrared laser 1400-106 cornea, the laser operating environment in the long-term workers in the eyes by long-term effects. In operation and use of lasers, even if not directly by the laser irradiation, resulting in injury accidents. However, the anti-out laser rays through walls or other objects produced by micro-reflections, long-term work in this environment of people, a high incidence of cataracts. Prolonged exposure to green laser light, especially when the laser pointer over 5 mW of power, just a few seconds may cause functional vision of the human eye damage. The company needs to purchase more infrared  laser pointer .
Before the eyes of my colleagues once smashed by the laser. The results gave the company lost a little money. The key is self-inflicted injury, loss is difficult to estimate. Especially for industrial processing lasers are now engaged in those who are even more so. The safety level of laser processing are generally four (most dangerous), and now there are many applications of laser is not visible in the scope, the more light that is not visible, the more dangerous.

the work of certain substances

Number of atoms spontaneous emission light emitted, does not have the phase, polarization, propagation direction of the line is physically called non-coherent light. The parameter of laser pointer  should also be included in the drawing.
Einstein's 1917 theory that: In addition to the spontaneous radiation, high energy level E2 is on the way the particles can also be another transition to a lower level. He pointed out that when the frequency is = (E2-E1) / h of the incident photons, the particles will lead to a certain probability, the rapid transition from level to level E2 E1, while an external photon radiation frequency, phase, polarization the same state and the photon propagation direction, a process called stimulated emission. Can imagine, if a large number of atoms in a high energy level E2, when there is a frequency = (E2-E1) / h of the incident photons, thus stimulating E2 on the stimulated emission of atoms, photons get exactly the same two features, which two-photon excitation E2 level on another atom, but also to produce stimulated emission, obtained the same four characteristics of the photon, which means that the original optical signal to be amplified. This in the stimulated emission was generated in the process is the laser light amplification. 1917 Einstein proposed stimulated emission, the laser has come out in 1960, separated by 43 years, why? The main reason is, ordinary light is produced by stimulated emission of particles in a very small probability. This kind of laser pointer is one of the most welcomed laser pointer .
When the frequency of light launched into the work of certain substances, stimulated emission and stimulated absorption of two processes exist, the number of photons by stimulated emission of radiation to increase the number of stimulated photon absorption while filling decreases. Substances in thermal equilibrium, the particle distribution on each level, follow the equilibrium statistical distribution of particles under the law. By statistical distribution of the lower energy level E1 in the number of particles at the higher level must be greater than the number of particles of E2.

the steady-state particle

Back in the 1960s, Goldman first described ruby laser for hair follicle damaging effects of melanin, but not for clinical, 80 Ohshiro describes nevi after ruby laser hair loss treatment, but also severely damaged skin. In 1993, Wellman Medical Optics Laboratory at Harvard University began the study with the ruby laser hair removal, followed by ruby laser, Nd: YAG laser hair removal in succession for clinical treatment, but they are also less than ideal design parameters. The director is carefully arranging the production preparation of laser pointer .
After a new intense pulsed light hair removal treatment system began to be used, since the optical hair removal technology has matured. Wellman Laboratories Medical in 1997 to start using the optical semiconductor laser hair removal for clinical treatment, and achieved significant efficacy, the early lasers are large, complex operation, the treatment ineffective. Skin causing serious injury. The interaction between light and matter, the material is essentially composed of microscopic particles or photons absorbed, while the situation to change their exercise performance. Micro-particles have a specific set of energy levels (usually is a separation of these levels). Particles at any one time only with a level corresponding to the state (or simply stated as at a certain level on). Interaction with the photon, the particle transition from one energy level to another level, and the corresponding photon absorption or emission. Photon energy values for this two-level energy difference △ E, frequency = △ E / h (h is Planck's constant). The workshop is going to summarize the analysis data of laser pointer . Turnover of laser pointer in This Month. The new research and development center of laser pointer can accommodate 100 hundred people. At a low level of particles by the external excitation (that is, particles with other energy exchange occurred in the interaction, such as inelastic collisions with the photons), absorbed energy, and this transition to higher energy corresponding to level. This transition is called stimulated absorption. Particles are excited to enter the high-energy state, not the steady-state particle, the particle can be accepted if there is a lower level, even if there is no external effect, the particle has some probability of spontaneously from the high energy level (E2) to the low level ( E1) transition, while radiating energy (E2-E1) photon, the photon frequency = (E2-E1) / h. This process is called spontaneous emission of radiation.

Laser welding of plastics is the basic principle

This is true of China's automotive industry with laser welding technology is an important symbol. Laser welding in the automotive field a large number of successful application of laser welding showed a strong vitality and a very broad application prospects. Although our overall application of laser welding technology is still relatively low, in the laser manufacturing technology is also behind many of the more developed countries, but should see some of China's automobile manufacturers have been used in some new models of laser welding technology, but also from the laser welding research point of view the technology itself, some of our research institutes in a number of distinctive areas have distinctive results. With the rapid development of China's automobile industry, laser welding technology in the automotive manufacturing will be a great success and a wide range of applications. The weekly report of  laser pointer is one of the most important jobs.
With the development of China's industrial economy, in particular, household appliances, automobiles, computers, communication, medical, aerospace and many other areas of large-scale use of plastic materials, and many of the traditional use of the original metal parts (automotive intake manifold, fuel tank, filters, medical Use of fluid delivery system, etc.) began to be replaced by plastic, the plastic used in these areas requires not only the large number of materials, and use many kinds of high-tech plastics processing industry is able to achieve high economic efficiency in the best the field. Thus, in the processing of plastic products that people want a more rapid, efficient, clean, plastic welding. As advances in materials and equipment, the laser welding technology as a method of connecting specialized plastic products manufacturer has been recognized, the sensitivity of plastic products used to connect (with PCB), with complex geometry and plastic parts There are strict cleanliness requirements of the plastic products (medical equipment) and so on. The new sales strategy of laser pointer increased the revenue of the company.
Laser welding of plastics is the basic principle, the two plastic is clamped at low pressure with the laser through a product, then another product absorption, the absorption of laser energy products will light energy into heat, in contact with plastic surface melting, forming a welding area.

laser welding of car body frame

Laser welding technology has the following advantages: reducing the number of parts and molds; shorten the design and development cycle; reduce material waste; the most rational use of different levels, thickness and performance of steel, to reduce body weight; reduce manufacturing costs; improve dimensional accuracy; increased body structural stiffness and safety. The price of laser pointer provided by the laser pointer company is very attractive.
Germany's Volkswagen in 1985, the first laser welding is used Audi car chassis welding, Japan's Toyota in 1986, the use of filler metal laser welding method for welding the body side of the frame. North American high-volume applications of laser welding technology in 1993, when the United States with U.S. automakers in order to improve the competitiveness of Japanese cars made 2mm project. So far, almost all the world's leading automobile manufacturers have extensive use of laser welding technology, automotive structural parts involved, including the car body side frame, the door inner panel, windshield frame, wheel cover plate, bottom, middle pillar and so on. Laser welding in the automotive manufacturing is another important application of laser welding of car body frame, in which a typical example is the car roof and body side body welding. The traditional method of spot welding, as shown in Figure 4a, but is now gradually being replaced by laser welding (Figure 4b). Compare the two can be seen, the use of laser welding, lap top and side edges of the width of the body to reduce, reducing the amount of steel used, while increasing the stiffness of the body. The representative of the customer will perform the manufacture supervision of laser pointer this week.
The current body frame, laser welding technology in the major automotive manufacturers in the newer cars have been very widely used, such as Audi A2 body frame is welded aluminum alloy than steel can be reduced using the same structure weight of 43kg, which laser welding seam length up to 30m. China, Shanghai GM's Polo, Shanghai Volkswagen and FAW Bora Passat models of manufacturing, are also using laser welding technology.

Light manufacturing and related micro-nano technology

The current research also has shown that laser micro-technology is the development potential of the three-dimensional micro-fabrication technologies, micro-systems will likely become the mainstream technology of manufacturing. German National Research Department since 2002, introduced a five-year optical scheme, in which an element is important laser micro-fabrication technologies. The program's funding only in 2002 was 047.8 million euros, the investment in subsequent years by a certain percentage increase. Germany to study the decomposition of cell technology, in light of the micro-manufacturing and micro-nano technology, hardware, five-year research program targeting the new laser and ultra-fine focus system, to 150 ~ 0.1nm spectral range of ultra- UV output and energy over the diffraction limit, the high repeatability of less than 100nm resolution near-field lens. Workshop management of laser pointer  plays an important role in manufacturing laser pointer .
Light manufacturing and related micro-nano technology, is currently the main areas of international competition, the size of the microelectronics industry and technology has become the measure of a country is one important indicator of overall strength, micro-laser technology will play a greater role in this area. China's light manufacturing in the modern development, opportunities and challenges, we must seize opportunities, meet the new century era of light manufacturing.  laser pointer is in the direct charge of Vice Chief Engineer. Lower Cost of Manufacturing  laser pointer
The equipment in the corner is the best one of manufacturing laser pointer . Laser is one of the great inventions of mankind, has great technological potential, experts say, it is electronic technology victory period, the main character is a computer, the next generation will be the era of optical technology, the protagonist is a laser. For a monochrome laser, coherence and parallel the three major characteristics, especially for material processing. Laser applications in laser processing is the most promising areas, has developed 20 kinds of foreign laser processing technology. Space and time controlled laser controlled well, the object of processing the material, shape, size and processing environment of freedom are large, especially for automated processing.

unit integrated micro-nano manufacturing and micro-system technology

Science and technology revolution, confirmed Feynman's prediction. The emergence of microelectronics technology is the most convincing examples, from integration to large-scale integration to very large scale integration technology, the rapid development, has been shown to future manufacturing technology will follow the "smaller" the direction of the march. The 20th century, the main function of the electronic technology of highly integrated together to form a century marked the high-tech industries, and penetrate into all areas of human activity. 21st century is the multi-discipline integration, that is microelectronics, micro-optics, and micro-mechanical sensors, actuators, signal processing unit integrated micro-nano manufacturing and micro-system technology. Overview of  laser pointer  intelligent system will be introduced in details with the help of the slide and projector.
Micro-nano manufacturing technology and features micro-system will become the 21st century high-tech and industrial landmark, its development will transform the natural human ability to understand and to achieve a new level, leading to human life and society and science and technology of great material change. The United States in the late 1980s realized that micro-micro-nano manufacturing technology and the urgency of systematic research, that the United States "should be in such a new and important technology with other countries ahead of the competition," and launched the first research project . After the 1990s, Japan began a period of 10 years, with a total investment of 250 billion yen in "micro-mechanical technology," large-scale research and development programs. Seeking to meet the three-dimensional structure of micro-fine system manufacturing micro-processing technology approach, the EC organized and Laser Center Hannover, Germany, France, Switzerland, Italy and other countries related to scientific research institutions, research and development cooperation. Present in micro-nano manufacturing technology has become an internationally competitive, high-tech industry has begun the new century, the battle for global market. The director is mainly in charge of site management of laser pointer .

the laser sheet technology

Blue pointer: they are the composition and structure of the same type of green.They produce light makes them suitable for white telescopic screen. As mentioned before, can be a laser pointer for different purposes.Due to various types of market, prices vary greatly.You can from the Internet to find a reliable network store or from a local shop.This is very important, you should buy you need in terms of the purpose of the tool.Generally speaking, a good online store to provide support to those who need professional advice for the type of customer, meet their needs, so that they can buy the most suitable type or brand in several available options. 3 tips for when to buy green laser pointer. Laser pointer has become a modern technology is very popular, even fragments of ten years ago, today is better than a visit.If you buy a laser pointer in the market, then you know there are thousands of different options.When you consider the color such as beam, output power, design and safety characteristics, know which model will be best for you can be quite difficult.
Here we will look at the three key techniques need to be considered and remember to pull the trigger on you, buy a laser online especially. The real 532 sea green. If you search online you can find green laser from the low power of 5 MW to over 1000 MW (1 watts) and higher.But there are some differences in the way the company measure their laser so be sure that you have any power reading is light frequency nano specific.In other words, if a green laser pointer is 100 MW power should be especially 532 nm green laser measurement is 100 mw.This is a complete high quality laser infrared filter, does not allow any light emission in addition to the required frequency, in our example, 532 nm green. Combustion ability, If you are looking for a high power laser can burn the light matches, pop the balloon, cut electrical tape and more, you need to ensure that the model is not less than the output power of 200 MW in question.Now, of course, higher output power, better able to produce heat and add a laser to burn, but the ability as the standard you need 200 megawatts and did not get the desired effect.Always be careful reflection surface and always use safety glasses, as long as the use of a laser beam in this fashion. The warranty period
Because the laser sheet technology, has been available to the general public in less than 20 years, it is important to ensure that any model or company you in the survey provides a solid guarantee to protect investment and purchase your.

the audience's attention or a diagram

One should be very special and purchase a laser pointer.Laser pen you must buy a small power for indoor use such as education, demonstration or the purpose of the meeting.High power diode pumped solid state (solid laser pumped laser pointer) should best be left to professionals, researchers and other scientific applications.
Online store sales of laser pointer common kind of usage.Order, try to keep the power as low as possible preferably less than 5 mW.Go green change because it achieves concise and clear away even in the clean air. Laser pointer - you can find in the market. If you are an expert or professional usually offer seminars, fairs or exhibitions, your presentation will certainly need a laser pointer as a tool to focus in the discussion.It would be absurd to point your finger on the screen, while explaining to discuss your topic. The importance of laser pointer
Using a laser pointer to provide convenient and precise, it eliminates the interference for you to keep a clear screen, your audience can see your point.In your explanation, important aspects of the map the precise point of light from the pointer can be used to point the audience's attention or a diagram, it can create a circle as you move it in an arch; if slowly back and forth in one direction, it will give an emphasis effect.
The laser beam is one-way, so it is not visible from the side -- light pointer until the screen.In reality, the light is not laser, although tool called a laser pointer.The beam is harmless.Unlike the laser beam is true, it does not pass through any object.However, you need to be careful to use since the pointer of the radiation can damage your retina.Usually, it is expected that, anything that looks straight beam! Laser pointer types
These pointers can be found in a wide variety of types, according to their level of power.Basically, 3 types, there are common: Red and orange pointer: the pointer with these types of laser diode, was accused of a battery.They are cheap, they come in sizes. The green pointer: they function through into the crystal, can achieve great wavelength.Light is refracted from the mirror surface in order to achieve the best wavelength, so that the distance from the visible light.Radiation is more powerful than the green pointer.

The manager has approve the photoelectric technology

In January 1999 the German Federal Border Army for the new EC-135 and EC-155 helicopters ordered 25 Hellas obstacle detection laser radar Germany Dassault Electronics (dassault Electronique) and the British company Marconi, co-developed laser radar Clara. This pod LIDAR the use of CO2 laser that can detect the type of obstacle pole and cable, and have terrain following, target distance and direction, moving target indicator that can be used airplanes and helicopters. The manager has approve the photoelectric technology of  laser pointer .
German electronics company Dassault, Zeiss optic and the British GEC-Marconi Avionics, Marconi SpA, jointly developed by Eloise CO2 laser radar, is another obstacle Helicopter alarm system can provide early 10s in front of 5mm cable with alarm, so that the helicopter in flight operations under adverse weather conditions. Marconi SpA company also provides self-developed Loam obstacle avoidance system. The system uses eye-safe laser technology to detect wires, trees, masts and other obstacles. Pilots to receive visual and audible alarm, display the shape of obstacles, position, direction and distance. Laser radar by measuring the small amount of naturally occurring atmospheric backscattering particles, can detect wind speed, turbulence detection, real-time measurement of the wind farm. Since the returned backscatter radiation is very weak, and therefore need to use air monitoring sensitive laser radar receiver. The photoelectric technology of  laser pointer  will be adopted by this workshop.
In the high-altitude bombing and other weapons of a problem is encountered, the wind disturbance down trajectory. U.S. Air Force tried to use the main approach is to use inertial devices to increase the tail or GPS-guided, correct flight path. But this increased the cost of throwing all kinds of weapons. Air Force Materiel Command ongoing ballistic wind project, using another method, namely the use of airborne laser radar to provide real-time information on wind throw area, so by adjusting the throwing point, to compensate for wind. The program's goal is to measure the time between aircraft and ground-dimensional wind field maps, allowing accurate from an altitude of over 3000m threw. Stratified by 100m wind farm plans, speed accuracy of 0.5m / s or less.

adjustable single-state reflectometer system

The other is the scanning system, the use of diode-pumped solid-state lasers, 32 yuan avalanche photodiode, fiber optic relay system and binary optical scanners allegedly two programs can meet the requirements. U.S. Air Force Wright Laboratory and the University of Dayton Research multispectral laser radar in which the laser output of laser radar using continuous at 1.35 ~ 5μm tunable optical parametric oscillator, pulse energy 3.3mJ, pulse width 3ns. with adjustable single-state reflectometer system, measuring the bidirectional reflectance distribution function of the target which can be laser radar clutter and the target in a hidden part of the case under the ground target imaging and identification. The RF  laser pointer  is advanced in design. The photoelectric technology of  laser pointer  is very advanced. Many countries in the development of helicopter obstacle avoidance using laser radar. U.S. Ross Dunlop ? Grumman and the Army Communications-Electronics Command Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate jointly developed low altitude helicopter flight with an obstacle avoidance system. The system uses a semiconductor laser transmitter and rotating holographic scanner to detect a wide range of helicopters, the former can be barriers to information displayed in the HUD or helmet-mounted display. The laser radar system has been carried out in two helicopter pilot. In the U.S. Army Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Division under the guidance of the Army helicopter obstacle avoidance system as part of the plan, Fibertek company developed a helicopter laser radar system to detect telephone lines, power lines and the like obstacles. The laser radar sensor pod and electronic devices by the composition, the use of diode-pumped 1.54 (m solid-state lasers. Pod installed laser transmitters, receivers, scanners, and support systems. The photoelectric technology of  laser pointer  will be enhanced further.
Electronic devices from the computer, data and video recorders, time electronic systems, power conditioners, refrigeration systems, and control panel components. The laser radar system installed in the UH-1H helicopter. Germany's Daimler - Benz Aerospace in accordance with the Federal Office of Defense Technology and Procurement contract, developed Hellas obstacle detection laser radar. The laser radar is 1.54 (m imaging laser radar field of view for the 32o (32o, can detect the distance of 300 ~ 500m, more than 1cm in diameter wire and other obstacles (depending on the angle and visibility).

the definition of indicators

The use of data obtained from 5 to calculate the series resistance, power efficiency and external differential quantum efficiency (approximately equal to one wavelength of 670nm). The 2.4G technology of laser pointer  is advanced enough. The 2.4G technology of laser pointer  is at the world’s level. Laser product hazard level classification is to describe the laser system to the extent of human damage to the definition of indicators. Classification from Class I laser (no damage) to Class IV lasers such as the 2000-watt carbon dioxide laser (you can cut thick steel plate). Manufacturers must be Class II, Class III and Class IV laser products are labeled with the risk level classification of the words with laser warning label. The beams are likely to view any blocked, and exposed to the laser in the laser system is interlocked. (Large laser printers such as the DEC LPS-40 is 10 mW (IIIb type) helium-neon laser-driven, although the actual laser is Class IIIb, but the printer is interlocked so as to avoid any exposure to the laser beam exposure, Therefore, the device does not produce any biological hazards, which also applies to CD players and small laser printers, they are first-class device). This kind of  laser pointer  has the directivity.
Output power of 1 mW. Will not burn the skin, does not cause a fire. As the eye reflex can prevent some eye damage, so these are not considered dangerous laser optical devices. (For example, when the eye encounters a bright light, it will automatically blink, or turn the head to avoid the strong light. This is called reflex action or reflex time in this time of such laser products will not cause eye injury. However, a person will not be willing to look a long time staring at it). In this type of laser equipment should be placed on a yellow warning label. Output power of 1 mW to 5 mW. Will not burn the skin. Under certain conditions, these lasers can cause blindness and other eye damage. These lasers should include: laser light, indicating that the laser is working; should use the power key switch to prevent unauthorized use; hazard label should be affixed with a label and output xx. Output power of 5 mW to 500 mW. When the power is relatively high, these laser products can burn skin. The using of  laser pointer  will be limited by the directivity.

to get the laser threshold power Ith

work in the saturated zone (Note: Any semiconductor laser will have a current limit protection and laser life from consideration, the circuit design flow point of time will be less than the current limit of 20 ~ 40%). the working status of digital signal transmission, in a graph, we can see, the minimum input current when the output is still light, but in the digital circuit, if the "0" data is still light out, then determine the "1" and "0", it may be introduced or false (technically known as error, see selected as part of - part of the next page in bold). Many products of  laser pointer  adopt the 2.4G technology of laser pointer .
Therefore, the working status of digital circuit is "0" is located at near (mainly consider the following aspects: near the threshold value can greatly reduce the lightning delay, relaxation oscillation while a certain degree of inhibition; smaller modulation current can be enough output optical pulse, which can reduce the pattern effect and heating effect results; low extinction ratio can be a small error rate;, etc.). Direct modulation bandwidth: because the junction capacitance characteristics of semiconductor lasers, and can not be drawn like the diagram above as the ideal work for different input laser frequency, the response is not the same, generally the higher the frequency, the amplitude of the output optical system, the smaller the stress . Semiconductor laser bandwidth is defined as the amplitude of the input signal under the same conditions, the output light intensity is low-frequency modulation amplitude modulation 1 / 2 frequency, (now the most high-speed modulation is 10GHz bandwidth, but the PN used in our experiment the larger end, so that the bandwidth of 15KHz or so). The 2.4G technology of laser pointer  is the selling point of  laser pointer .
The operating point knob counter-clockwise head (the operating point adjustment knob clockwise, counterclockwise gently about, you can determine by feel whether, careful not to strong hard-line knob.) Turn the power semiconductor laser demonstrator; by modulation options button (twice within the default boot modulation), the semiconductor laser to adjust to continuous state; clockwise adjustment of electricity, more than one state record voltage, current and power value. Through mapping, to get the laser threshold power Ith.

the receiver of laser pointer

Laser welding can be successfully used to achieve wire connection with lumped elements, block elements can be any size. Should be noted that in welding filamentous component geometry. Different metal welding. Different types of metal welded to solve weldability and solderability parameter range. Laser welding between different materials, only certain combinations of materials possible. Laser brazing. Some components of the connection should not be used laser welding, but can use the laser as a heat source, the implementation of soldering and brazing, laser welding also has the advantage. Brazing using a variety of ways in which the laser is mainly used for soldering printed circuit board soldering, especially useful in chip component assembly. Users need not to align the emitter with the receiver of laser pointer  with remote control.
Laser soldering compared with other methods has the following advantages: because it is local heating element is not easy to produce thermal damage and heat affected zone is small, it can be implemented in the vicinity of the thermal component soldering. Non-contact heating, melting bandwidth, does not require any auxiliary tool in the double-sided printed circuit board components and equipment after the processing. Repeat stability. Flux for welding tools pollution, and the irradiation time and easy to control the output power, laser soldering yield. Splitting the laser beam is easy to implement, can be used semi-lenses, mirrors, prisms, mirrors and other optical components scan time and space partitioning, to achieve more symmetrical while welding. Multi-wavelength laser brazing 1.06um laser as a heat source, available optical fiber transmission, it can be difficult in the conventional way of processing parts of welded, good flexibility. Focus is good, easy to implement automated multi-station devices. Laser deep penetration. Metallurgical process and process theory. Physical metallurgy of laser deep penetration electron beam welding process is very similar, namely, the energy conversion mechanism is through the "hole" structure to be completed. The rubber also can be the body material of laser pointer .
At sufficiently high power density beam irradiation, the materials have evaporated to form holes. This is full of holes like a blackbody of steam, almost all the energy absorption of incident light, the hole cavity equilibrium temperature of 25,000 degrees. From this high-temperature heat transfer out of the hole wall cavity, so that the hole surrounded by metal melting chamber.

more accurately ad flexibly

Laser pulse shape in laser welding is an important issue, especially for welding thin is more important. When high-intensity laser beam shot to the surface, the metal surface will be 60 ~ 98% of the laser energy reflection is lost, and the reflectivity change with surface temperature. In a laser pulse period, the volatility of the metal reflectivity.  laser pointer will be more convenient for the user to locate the target more accurately ad flexibly.
Pulse width is one of the important parameters of laser welding, it is both material removal and material different from the melting of the important parameters, determining the cost of processing equipment and the volume of key parameters. Laser welding usually requires a certain issue from one focus of the laser power density at the center spot is too high, to evaporate into the hole. Leave the laser focus of the plane, the power density distribution is relatively uniform. Defocus in two ways: positive and negative defocus defocus. Focal plane at the top of the workpiece is out of focus, and vice versa for negative defocus. Geometrical optics theory, when the issue from an equal positive and negative, corresponding to approximately the same power density on the plane, but in fact obtained pool of different shapes. Negative defocus, the availability of greater penetration, which is the formation of the pool. Experiments show that the laser heating 50 ~ 200us material begins to melt, the formation of liquid metal and the emergence of sub-vaporization asked to form a city-pressure steam, and high speed jet, a dazzling white light. At the same time, high concentrations of vapor to liquid metal movement to the pool edge, the formation of sag in the center pool. When the negative defocus, the material internal surface area is higher power density, easy to form a stronger melting, vaporization, so that light passes to the deeper material. The sensitivity of the part of laser pointer will not reduce as time goes by.
So in practice, when required penetration depth is large, the use of negative defocus; welding thin materials, it is appropriate is out of focus. Laser welding processes. Between film and sheet welding. Including welding, side welding, fusion welding center through the center hole 4 kinds of fusion welding process method. Wire and wire welding. Including wire and wire welding, cross welding, lap welding parallel, T-4 kinds of welding process method. Wire welding with the lumped elements.

the fiber laser optical power

Currently, the technique is called multi-mode parallel cladding pump technology (Cladding pumped technology), France Keopsys company in the form of a patented technology, called "V-Groove Technologe". Multi-mode parallel technical characteristics of cladding-pumped fiber laser determines the class are the following outstanding performance. A multimode pump diode module group can be radiated out 100 watts of optical power, a number of multimode pump diode parallel set, you can allow the design of high power output of the fiber laser. This high-power wide-area multimode diodes at high temperatures, only a simple air-cooled, low cost. High-power fiber lasers in the activity of the erbium doped cladding / Yb rare earth elements, and because there is a wide flat light absorption region (930-970nm), so, without any type of pump diode wavelength stabilization device. Many times over single-mode pump light across the core, so its high utilization rate. Compared to single-mode diode-pumped multimode pump diode to its stability will be much higher. The geometry of the surface makes a wide cross-section of the fiber laser optical power density is very low and the current density through the active surface is also very low. The maximum output of laser pointer should be stated clearly.
As a result, its reliable operation of the pump diode lifetime over 1 million hours. Cladding-pumped devices currently implement the technology can be summed up into single-ended linear cavity pumped, linear cavity dual end-pumped, all-double-clad ring cavity device three categories, with different characteristics can be double-clad control of the three basic types of development to be. OFC'2002 literature of a cavity using the structure shown in Figure 2, to achieve the output power of 3.8W, the threshold value of 1.7W, up to 85% slope efficiency of new cladding-pumped devices [1]. In product technology, the United States IPG's meteoric rise, has developed a 700W ytterbium-doped double-clad fiber laser, and declared that it would launch 2000W fiber laser. Raman optical amplification technology provides a new long-distance transmission power budget of the means of access has become the focus.

fiber laser waveguide structure

At present the study of fiber lasers and amplifiers and optical communication from the majority of laboratories and research institutions, because they are unique aspects of the fiber preparation, but in fact in other areas of application of fiber lasers and amplifiers are also visible, such as spectral , nonlinear optics, metrology, holographic science, sensors and medical fields, and even skiing in the printing process. We will see, throughout the international scientific community involved in fiber laser technology will be more and more. Research into the use of rare earth elements doped amplifier technology has brought to light a revolutionary change. As any optical amplifier can be formed through appropriate feedback control mechanism, so the fiber laser can be developed on the basis of the amplifier. Currently developed by REE-doped fiber laser primarily as a gain medium. Because the core is very thin fiber lasers, the pump light easily within the formation under the effect of high power density, resulting in work material level "inversion." Therefore, when a positive-feedback loop properly (form resonant cavity) oscillation can be formed. In addition, as the fluorescent substrate has a very wide spectrum, therefore, generally can be made of fiber laser tunable, very suitable for WDM system applications. The laser pointer store has gained a lot of purchase orders of laser pointer this month.
And semiconductor device compared to the advantages of fiber lasers is mainly reflected in: fiber laser waveguide structure, can accommodate strong pump, with a high gain, high conversion efficiency, low threshold, the output beam quality, line width, a simple structure and high reliability features, easy to implement and the coupling. We can see from a different perspective on the classification of fiber lasers, such as the fiber laser resonator structure can be used in Fabry-Perot cavity and into the ring cavity into two categories. Output wavelength can also be divided into the number of single-wavelength and multi-wavelength and so on. For the characteristics of different types of fiber lasers should consider the following main points: the threshold should be as low as possible; output power and pump power is better than linear; output polarization state; model structure; energy conversion efficiency; device operating wavelength and so on. The laser pointer store is trying to get more purchase order of laser pointer .

requires a lot for the laser technology

With the development of computer and network technology and digital media technology, the light output into the type of equipment, such as office automation equipment such as scanners, printers, copiers, fax machines and digital cameras, and optical storage class products. 18 means that the diameter of the battery of  laser pointer is 18mm.
Such as a CD-ROM, CD-RW, and DVD-ROM optical drive, and CD-R disc recording machines and rewritable type CD-RW disc machine, quickly into the way people live and work. The new office consumption, optoelectronic products of the entertainment will become a necessity in people's lives in the 21st century. Rapid market development of the digital camera industry: the industry plans to focus on the development of a digital camera (DSC), the State Planning Commission has been established to enter the digital camera market. Is to organize the forces, the key components of the R & D of digital cameras, the core technology and accessories; key projects including: color display, dedicated IC, high-performance spherical lens and printer toner. The customer can adjust the focus of  laser pointer very easily and conveniently.
Engaged in R & D of digital camera manufacturers who wish to: Phoenix Digital, the Himalayas, seagulls, Founder Technology, purple, Lenovo Group, Zarva Technology, Huaqi, TCL, Yushchenko, BenQ (BenQ) and so on. Currently there are over 30 brands, mostly concentrated in the domestic market. Investing in Mainland China, the foreign companies have set up a digital camera product line, these companies include: Minolta (Minolta), Nikon (Nikon), Pentax (Pentax), Matsushita (Panasonic), Samsung (Samsung), Hewlett-Packard (HP), EUP Health (Epson), Sanyo, Sony (Sony), Olympus Corporation (Olympus), Eastman Kodak Company (Kodak), Canon Inc. (Canon), Fuji Photo Film (FujiFilm) and so on. The blue laser pointer requires a lot for the laser technology.
Scanner, a steadily growing market: the scanner is one of the computer peripheral products, and optoelectronic products technology process is mature, stable growth in market applications products. Well-known brand of the global scanner

jammers and communications equipment

May include a fiber optic cable, optoelectronic materials and integrated optoelectronic devices, optoelectronic devices, optical fiber communication devices (fiber optic passive components, fiber optic active device), optical fiber sensors, fiber lasers, Optical, optical fiber communication machines and equipment, fiber optic data transmission equipment; fiber-optic gyroscope; fiber-optic control of phased array radar, optical fiber ground and satellite communication systems, etc.. 320 more than our existing fiber optic communications companies, including fiber optic cable 193, and optoelectronic devices 46, 22 fiber optic materials and supporting enterprises, nine special instrument communication, optical communication transmission equipment 50. 24 billion yuan of output value, sales of 26.2 billion yuan. 65 means that the length of the battery of  laser pointer is 65mm.  laser pointer  will not work anyhow
During the Tenth Five-Year Chinese optical communications industry focus on the optical transmission, optical access, optical transmission products, fiber optic and optoelectronic devices five. Laser devices and applications (optics, physical optics, nonlinear optics, laser principles and techniques, optical information processing, etc.). Laser device (optical fiber, semiconductor, solid, gas, excimer, and other), laser processing, laser holography, laser medical equipment, laser ranging, laser radar, laser tracker, laser-guided, optical gyroscopes, traffic control systems, optical navigation equipment and systems, target designator, jammers and communications equipment. It means the green  laser pointer needs a little time for preheating.
Currently engaged in laser technology research, some more than 400 laser applications development and production units (excluding laser audio and video equipment production units), the national laser product market with annual sales of about 3.24 billion yuan (This data does not include laser audio and video equipment laser communications engineering, laser bar code detection and laser secondary benefits such as laser medical income, etc.). Optical information input and storage (electric and electronic technology, computer technology, optics-based).

cooling and crystallization of various metallurgical phenomena

Through process optimization, to find a more suitable process parameters, the use of this technology for precision cutting on stainless steel plate can improve our competitiveness in the steel industry. Laser cutting welding production line, equipment selection and layout design in stainless steel boxes, stamping, welding, painting, assembly technology, welding quality involves the appearance of stainless steel quality and the ease of assembly assembly, therefore, welding The installed production process from the connecting role in the four process. (A) of the workpiece structure during drawing deformation calculations, we can ignore the bottom of the forming directly calculate the flat-shaped parts. The calculated results can be a drawing shape. And at this moment, the energy of concentrated in the small dot will be greater so that the match might be lit by laser pointer when the condition is appropriate enough.
Such as at the top of the drawing punch and the die made of parts shape surrounded with oblique deformation, forming before the end of the drawing to the workpiece at the top. Can pull the pieces deep and the top of the molding compound in a process to complete. Welding process analysis in real terms of welding a stainless steel box plan (b) the use of local heat or pressure or both heated and pressurized way to be connected at the molten metal or plastic state, contributed to the junction the metal atoms penetrate each other and close to the distance of 0.3 ~ 0.5nm metal lattice, and take full advantage of the binding force between the metal atoms of two separate metal plates connect. For example, if the power of laser pointer is 50mW and at this time the laser pointer can not light the match or black material.
In the welding process, the local metal is heated to above the melting temperature, cooling and crystallization of various metallurgical phenomena and heat treatment process will occur in this process, the complex deformation and stress also appears in these processes, so welding is not just an assembly process is a complex process metallurgy, heat treatment and welding deformation and stress. At present, the welding method applied to the stainless steel box there are many, are presented the most widely used resistance welding process, and has wide application prospects of laser welding process. A resistance welding resistance welding, also known as contact welding is the most widely used welding methods in the manufacturing process.

the competition of stainless steel quality

The preliminary design, the overall layout of production line for welding of stainless steel laser cutting and 3D laser cutting technology and production line cutting unit were studied. First of all, this production line of the research object - door structure and process analysis, two kinds of welding method, carried out the introduction; this production line cutting unit and the welding unit of the main devices, respectively, carried out the selection, at the same time based on the production line flexibility and security considerations, the overall design of the overall layout of the production line. Secondly, it discusses laser cutting principle and main cutting, lists the three important factors that affect the three-dimensional laser cutting is different from two-dimensional laser cutting, gravity, space curvature radius and workpiece thermal conditions, and a brief description. The focus of some laser pointer can be adjustable.
The three-dimensional laser cutting programming methods and processes; three main difficulties in the three-dimensional laser cutting, the cutting head collision, deformation of the workpiece, the corner had burned, and gives the main method to solve these difficulties. Finally, the three-dimensional laser cutting process carried out in-depth study, the design of the orthogonal experiment, selected several major factors that affect the quality of 3D laser cutting, that is, cutting type, laser power, cutting speed, assist gas type and pressure, and select a cutting width, cutting the surface roughness, surface dross as laser cutting quality assessment parameters. Processing and analysis of experimental data, summed up the influence of process parameters on cutting quality, and provides an effective method to solve the corner burnt. The focus of some laser pointer is fixed which can not be adjusted manually. It is a very sweet and considerate design of  laser pointer for the customer
Keywords: 3D laser cutting; stainless steel box; production line; laser technology; process preface laser cutting and welding technology as an important technology for a country, plays a decisive role in national economic development, its level of a certain sense, can reflect a country industrial level of Stainless steel industry, competition is the competition of stainless steel quality, production costs, competition, economic competition. Therefore, the use of different process parameters of laser cut stainless steel plate, gap size and surface roughness of the stainless steel plate laser cutting of laser process parameters. The adjustable focus of laser pointer can concentrate all energy of the laser beam light emitted by the laser point into a very small dot.

he information process of Laser Pointer

The so-called Peltier effect is the phenomenon of galvanic DC current through two semiconductor materials, the end of the endothermic, exothermic one end. Heavily doped N-type and P-type bismuth telluride semiconductor material used for the TEC, bismuth telluride components using power series and parallel heat. TEC P-type and N-type (group), they are linked together through the electrode and sandwiched between two ceramic electrodes. The information process of Laser Pointer will be implemented by the information management department.
TEC components on each side of the ceramic electrodes to prevent the laser die short-circuit caused by TEC circuit; TEC temperature control up to 30 ℃ -40 ℃, when there is current TEC flows, the current generated heat from the TEC side to another side of the "hot" side and "cold" side of the TEC, which is the heating and cooling principle of the TEC. It is the green star  laser pointer with keychain
Range of market applications of laser processing equipment industry as well as domestic laser shows set to occupy, prepare production companies are still in relatively early stages of development. Prepared by the production companies are still in relatively early stages of development. Our opportunity and challenge A Chinese laser industry to develop three major factors: the development of China's laser industry, three major factors: an industrial policy to promote three major factors: Since January 2009, the State Council have passed the car, equipped with the system since January, the State Council has successively through the cars, made the top ten industrial revitalization plan, matched and arranged a number of major science and technology. Laser made the top ten industrial revitalization plan, matched and arranged a number of major science and technology. It is the protection goggles of high power  laser pointer .
Processing technology has been supported by the state and promote the application of a high-tech, especially the political and processing technology has been supported by the state and promote the application of a high-tech, the government stressed the need to revitalize the manufacturing sector. Government stressed the need to revitalize the manufacturing sector. The Chinese government has been the laser as advanced manufacturing technology as the Chinese government has been the laser as an advanced manufacturing technology "as advanced manufacturing technology development of national key projects.

Laser Pointer has successfully complete the production task

Near-infrared spectrometer. The near infrared spectrometer designed to meet the practical challenges, with superior performance, long-term stability, compact and ultra-low power consumption advantages. The form of carbon dioxide laser. The worker should work in three shifts to accomplish all the orders of Laser Pointer The workshop of Laser Pointer has successfully complete the production task. Reverse back from the fiber-optic reflection light can not enter the laser (and its loss more than 35dB); forward the loss and reverse the loss of the difference that the isolation of optical isolator. In some lasers using two optical isolators, and isolation more than 60dB. Pigtail. Pigtail for the coupling of optical power output in the low-speed data transmission applications, the laser without pigtail glass window directly to the output structure, but in CATV applications, laser (components) pigtail output. Light source to the coupling of the pigtail fiber lasers manufactured by a major technical problems, it is related to the size of the laser output optical power, but also to a large extent determine the actual service life of the light source. The technology innovation of Laser Pointer is the improvement core of the company.
Issued by the laser die beam is a horizontal small angle, vertical angle of the elliptical spot; single-mode fiber core is very thin, mold spots for the round, which doomed the laser die in a face a large part of the transmit power will enter the fiber, can not form a useful power output, solid and need to install the coupler, coupler processing technology is the use of carbon dioxide laser to fiber Shaorong. Under the control of the computer, pull into a hyperbolic cone coupling efficiency of such a focusing system consisting of up to 60% -90%. Another problem of the coupling process is how to pigtail the best location for a permanent fixed; now the way to the surface of the metal after the first pigtail through the metal casing, filling tin sealed with metal casing The pigtail is aligned with the light source. The workshop of Laser Pointer has successfully complete the production task.
Finally, the approach of the laser spot welding of metal casing fixed to the heat sink. This process to produce the laser completely solved the pigtail offset caused by the laser component life. Semiconductor cooling (TEC). Semiconductor cooling is made by the Peltier effect semiconductor materials.

Laser Pointer based on the service of WAP technology

It is believed that continuous oscillation output power of thermal damage limit> 2 GW/cm2, now achieved power is achieved by controlling the fiber structure and increase the single-mode volume.  Laser Pointer  based on the service of WAP (wireless application protocol) technology.  The party spot looks more mysterious with the decoration of Laser Pointer. Compared with the CO2 laser and YAG lasers, fiber laser is a compact and small size of the laser device, the output power of 10 kW, the core diameter is 200! M fiber concentrator performance, and no thermal damage. Can improve the power and brightness of the LD, while industrial applications as the start and can produce high-power fiber laser output power from 100 kW to MW level. High-power lasers are now widely used in metal processing field (10 cm) cutting, welding and prototype copy. High power and high brightness fiber laser processing, even if the processing object from the optical system is also ideal for processing. Past industry that the laser processing machine expensive and can not be used in industrial fields. Wireless radio frequency technology is applied in  Laser Pointer  industry.
Today, this idea occurred changes in the laser processing machine has been widely used in industrial fields, such as for the automotive industry need to be lightweight and high-intensity processing, heavy, thick, long and large objects, thick iron cutting, as well as additional processing or to save labor costs, finishing, and other fields. Compared with the past method of fusing the laser processing machine for high precision machining with a comprehensive cost excellent features, it has been widely used. Is a maintenance-free and designed specifically for OEM applications MOPFA and Q-switched pulse ytterbium doped fiber laser, the cases of laser single-mode fiber with a soft metal sheath, 1070nm high-power laser direct introduction of integrated equipment (all kinds of cutting, welding, marking and other equipment), after the collimated beam expander and then focused spot size of several microns or smaller. The party spot looks more mysterious with the decoration of Laser Pointer .
Ultra-high-quality laser beam close to the diffraction limit can be used for marking, drilling, or machining of different materials. YLP series of pulse width, repetition rate and peak power can provide a very wide range of choices. Application areas: electronic hardware, the phone keypad, medical device, product packaging, glasses, clocks, car accessories, online production, gifts and advertising material detection.

Laser Pointer will be demonstrated in details

In addition to the optical path section, diode-pumped laser is to constitute a major part of the cost of fiber lasers. The single beam of red ray is coming out of  Laser Pointer . Look at the history and experience from the development of optical communications, technology development and expanding the capacity of the market, substantially reduce the cost of diode-pumped lasers will become an inevitable trend. The type of fiber laser in accordance with the types of fiber materials, fiber lasers can be divided into several types: crystal fiber laser material is the laser crystal fiber, mainly ruby single crystal fiber lasers and nd3 +: YAG crystal fiber lasers; nonlinear optical optical fiber lasers by stimulated Raman scattering fiber lasers and Stimulated Brillouin scattering fiber lasers; rare earth-doped fiber laser fiber matrix material is a glass to the optical fiber doped with rare earth element ions to activate the system into the fiber laser. The outstanding advantages of the products of  Laser Pointer  will be demonstrated in details.
The plastic optical fiber laser to the incorporation of laser dyes made from a plastic optical fiber core or cladding fiber lasers. The rapid development of fiber lasers, {pull-crystal fiber technology based on fiber-optic technology in recent years, rare earth doped optical fiber technology, single touch of low-loss optical fiber and fiber-coupled} and high-power semiconductor laser technology breakthrough. In particular, a semiconductor laser diode (ld) laid the foundation for its practical use of the small size and high efficiency fiber laser as the pump source. At present, the fiber laser has entered the practical stage, already see a few kilowatts of continuous output power of tens of thousands of kilowatts of peak power. Fiber laser laboratory level has been more than 100,000 watts, 30,000 watts of optical fiber has been commercialized, has sold the fiber laser output power of 17000W.  Laser Pointer  is the electronic pointers for teachers.
It can be foreseen that fiber lasers will become a long continuous output power of laser. The first time since 1999,> 100 W output power so far, the fiber laser output power has been a rapid increase in single-mode output power of 2.5 kW. In addition to the fiber disk laser (Nd-doped) published in Japan in 2001, are doped ytterbium co-doped ytterbium or neodymium double clad fiber laser. The United States of IPG (photonics) Company launched a multi-mode output power> 20 kW output power> 100 kW product is at the stage of receiving orders.

Major carrier in the N-type semiconductor

Major carrier in the N-type semiconductor, electronic, and P-type semiconductor, the main carrier is a hole, due to the movement of the charge, the depletion layer on both sides of the accumulation of charge in the internal formation of a N region points to a self-built electric field of the P region to prevent the hole continues to spread. When the incident light irradiation to the PN junction, depletion layer, it will cause the electrons absorb the photon energy, the transition to the conduction band, the formation can be conductive electron-hole pairs. More management work should be done in the production month of Laser Pointer .
Electrons and holes generated by light irradiation called photo-carrier; the role of self-built electric field, directed movement, in which holes along the field direction of the P region movement, electronic reverse electric field direction N district sports (they form the electric field self-built electric field weakened) to form a photocurrent. Incident light, the stronger the greater the photocurrent, which the optical signals into electrical signals, precisely because the photocurrent is enhanced with the enhancement of the incident if the incident light is too strong, so that the photocurrent increases to exceed the limits of PIN it will burn out the PIN diode and optical receiver manual clearly defines the upper limit of the input optical power, if you can not determine the optical power of the input light must not PIN docking to prevent burn out the PIN diode. The price of our Laser Pointer has the obvious advantage.
If both ends of the PN junction with reverse voltage, the applied electric field direction and self-built electric field within the depletion layer, the easier the movement of light generated carriers to improve the intensity of the light detector of weak exploration. In fact, in the absence of irradiation, also a small amount of current, which is due to the directional movement of the holes in the P-type semiconductor, electronics, and N-type semiconductor under reverse bias due to this current known as dark current, the existence of the dark current of the photodetector noise sources. Backlight detector is used for automatic power control devices, in order to ensure the accuracy of power control, the photodetector have the following characteristics: high enough level corresponding the operating wavelength range, that is back on the operating wavelength range to light. The advantage of Laser Pointer price has drawn a lot of attention of more customers.

the cost and expense of Laser Pointer

Cooling or heating, and refrigeration, heating rate, to determine its current direction and size. In practical applications, the TEC is usually installed between the heat sink and component housings. Its cold side of the laser core contact, play a refrigeration role of the hot side heat sink contact, heat scattered to the outside, this is only one kind of the most common situation. The customer will consider the cost and expense of Laser Pointer .
Require a higher place on the stability of the laser operating temperature is generally a two-way thermostat at normal and high temperature laser cooling, heating at low temperatures; semiconductor cooling device in the direction of the current reversal, the original cold end and hot end position on the exchange; close to one of the laser core becomes hot end, a heating core on the laser. Specific temperature control circuit will be detailed later. Thermistor. Thermistor temperature components of the laser components, it is usually attached to the measure of the heat sink, direct detection of the temperature of the junction area. The material inquisition sheet of Laser Pointer should be filled in the right way. More management work should be done in the production month of Laser Pointer
When the laser temperature rises, the thermistor resistance decreases when the laser temperature is lowered, the resistance of the thermistor increases. The thermistor play the role of the temperature sensor. Accuracy of its resistance changes as high as possible. Thermistor and semiconductor refrigeration with precise temperature control to complete the laser. Automatic temperature control circuit of the optical transmitter, the temperature of the laser can be controlled within the range of 25 ± 0.3 ° C, so the stability of the laser. The backlight detector. The light detectors are semiconductor devices of light signals into electrical signals, mounted above the heat sink, used to detect the back light of the laser to provide optical power monitoring, and for the laser automatic power control. The parameter in the drawing of Laser Pointer has to be renewed as per the real situation.
Common photodetector PIN photodiode and avalanche diode, but is generally used in optical fiber CATV system PIN photodiode, the P-type and N type semiconductor, among them a slight mix of intrinsic semiconductor material, also known as depletion layer.

MoserBaer 4 GB flash disk

MoserBaer is an optical storage equipment manufacturers, the world's second largest, has a strong business network in more than 82 countries.All the best players are more like MoserBaer global technology as their suppliers in other companies.MoserBaer is the most lovely and promising brand, let you can include rewritable discs using optical storage medium class (CD - R), rewritable optical disk (CD - RW), recordable digital versatile disc (c), a rewritable disc digital video disc (DVD - RW) and blue laser disc (HD - DVD and Blu-ray), flash pen drive and HD DVD.
The whole business of MoserBaer so vast, covering a variety of other business in the field of solar energy, home entertainment, its peripherals and consumer electronics products.International standards of quality supply of MoserBaer products, has been the change in ISO: and ISO: consistency, 18001:1999 OHSAS system and the green partner status and OEM.
The company has bagged various prestigious awards including lotus Mr. President by his outstanding contribution to the continued growth of the India India industry, such as the 2010 IMEA Platinum Award in 2010 November, the 2008 EFY special award, the company's CMD, peacock Ecological Innovation Award 2008, Golden Peacock award of the occupation health and safety '07, the highest export country in IT industry from the Export Promotion Council of economic units, most companies intending to innovate award' 07 and more.
Brand pen give up means you can spend less time and more time to cool the sale of some their man.The styles and colors are the most important attributes of choice to think about your brand image.Combination will correct magnify your brand.You'll find out these goods manufacturers have many choices and suggestions to help you with your decision.It can not only make it easier to make choices, but it will give you extra confidence in your choices.Even if you are wrong, the price is reasonable, no harm.These convenient, brand goods will be brought to the country, back and forth in the backpack, bag, purse, briefcase, and more.Bulk purchasing means they will cost you less, more people on the floating and location will be.So enjoy brand pen process in order to promote your business.
Promotional pen can brand through various means, from the laser etching printing.A low-end pen does not need to cost far more than 12 P.This is because, with the precious metal of their cousins, the pen is cheap materials production.To high-end customers, you may wish to buy brand-name pens made of high quality materials, such as those made by Sheaffer, Prodir, Parke.

Promotional pen -- advertising project is effective for your business

There are many things you can do to improve your business promotional pens.It is amazing how useful that is giving a few people your company information and logo on them.You may find, your sales increase very quickly when you give them as a natural result, your experience and your relationship with the increase of the target market.Although there are tens of thousands of other advertising projects, can help you in the same way, promotional pen has become one of the most popular, because they are the most widely used and inexpensive products available.After all, nearly everyone must use the pen from time to time.
It is important, the logo of the company you are accompanied by your contact information on every promotional pen you give up.If you want to do something different, the pen is also very useful tool, can carry a logo.In fact, promotional pen itself can come in a variety of forms.Which direction are you going, that is the pen will still be useful for a long time, let it become a good popularization value.This is why these are used as a propaganda tool in a wide range of industries.
If you have a specific customer you want to express gratitude, you may want to go as long as they provide personalized pen.You give those away your business information, the more likely they are to spread awareness of your business and establish effective marketing.Advertisement pen provides regional brand image moderate and contact details.Because the space is limited, you should include only the most important contact information.You'll find out such a simple promotional pen go a long way in advertising and marketing your efforts when the active promotion you to trade shows and participate in other forms.
If you plan to friends or family engraved pens, on different occasions, you must properly select Pen portrait.You should choose a pen by the recipient, because it will fail to engraved pens purpose if the pen cannot write.Have a look some stuff in the pen in your engraving, here's the thing to look for:
Choose the right color, ink, it is more formal to engraved pens with black ink will be more useful to the recipient
Have a look if the pen, write, you can use the pen to scribble things have a look on the normal flow of ink pen.
And choose the correct font, will be used for carving, should be clear enough what you read.
What special place engraved pens.

Keep the green laser pointer you win in the form of

Green laser pointer is a clear blow when given as a gift, the token or promotion project.It has a wide range of use, it makes a among people from all walks of life, children of all ages.These devices have evolved into a conversation about the afternoon or evening town talk of the streets full of fun with your friends, outdoors or in the lonely comfort you most love pets.But like any other technology equipment, we need to remember, some measures must be taken to these devices maintain for a period of time, is worth as an investment.Here are some suggestions on how to prolong the life of the benefits of science and technology.
It must be taken into account, the most sensitive part of the sophisticated tools and lens these green laser pointer.Lens these devices as light emission from internal.To take this shot will prolong the life of tools.How do you go about, first of all, we must have the right tools to clean it, using the wrong cloth or material cleaning it will give you find beam, we don't want that to happen.I just want to make sure that the right way to do the cleaning, you can search online for additional tools to clean it.In addition, it would be wise to take the lens cap when not in use.Sensitive part of the tool dust easily invasion so be sure to protect it.
Another important reminder is, consider, because these lasers have electronic parts, they are easy to temperature changes, that is to say, if these devices are subjected to extreme temperatures, they can easily be corrosion.So be sure to put them at room temperature, in a dry place.Humidity must be monitored in the absence of more than 45%, the temperature is between 0 to 40 degrees celsius.
Protect you from any misuse of the laser, chances are if your laser is down several times, the fine optical can be leaked, we don't want that to happen.
Another important reminder is, must remove the battery from the equipment when not in use.The reason behind this is that, if they are placed in the tool for long time and not in use, they will cause damage to the terminal corrosion caused by laser.
Try following these reminders, keep in heart and you believe that green laser you will last you for many years.Enjoy!