The mini design makes green laser pointer portable

Translucent polyester film conductive shielding electronic equipment display window, the transmittance: 70%, the best shielding performance: 40 ~ 60dB. 9) shielding ventilation panels 10) Shielding Tape A, electromagnetic shielding tape B, the protective tape conductive flange 5, the special parts of the shield room 1) apertures shielding conductive pad; coiled-coil spring; shielding of the coiled-coil; performance shielding of; silicone rubber shielded gasket; multiple seal; finger shrapnel liner; metal woven mesh liner; conductive rubber lining and electricity. 2) The green laser pointer applies the brand new plastic package.The window shield method A, cutoff waveguide or ventilation panels; B, coated or metal mesh shielding windows folder: for the display monitors. 3) the processing operation of the device (such as knobs button toggle switch, etc.) A, the signal frequency is high, you can use the principle of cutoff waveguide; B, the signal frequency is low, can make use of cofferdams will be split with other circuits Department off. 4) The indicator dial treatment A, the metal mesh shield B, cut-off waveguide method C, the use of filter D, plus isolation window of 5) through the shield wire A, shielded cable with the chassis fully sealed body composition; B, filtering. 6, shielded room of the ground or ground to discharge the charge potential and provides a baseline set of wires to connect. Ground two purposes, first, in order to protect the safety of persons and equipment, from lightning, leakage, static and other hazards, such as protective earth ground wire should be connected with the real earth.The brand new plastic package applied by this green laser pointer is exclusively used for exporting products to Europe and America. The second is to ensure the normal work as work ground. 1) suspended in A, the electrical equipment on the ground and the other with reference to the conductor insulation, the suspension device to; B, in order to prevent harassment on the chassis directly coupled to the signal circuit current, potential signal ground and chassis insulation, that cell circuit suspended ground. 2) single-point ground for many single-point grounding is connected with the circuit to provide a common reference point.The proper electric quantity indicating function of green laser pointer only remove the electroless embarrassment. The simplest parallel single-point grounding, it is not common impedance coupling and low-frequency ground loop problems, and therefore there is no harassment. 3) multi-point multi-point grounding to avoid ground single-point grounding at high frequencies problems. Digital circuits and high-frequency large-signal circuits must use multi-point grounding. Module and the circuit through a number of short-term (<0.1λ) connected to reduce the ground impedance common-mode voltage generated. 4) mixed ground mixture containing both single-point grounding grounding features also include multi-point grounding features. Such as: the power system needs a single point grounding, and the RF part of the multi-point grounding is required. Mixed use electric resistance grounding device to the grounding system in the low and high frequencies show different characteristics when it sensitive circuits in broadband is necessary.This green laser pointer is affiliated with an exclusive leather bag in standard configuration. Electronic equipment, mixing equipment, ground to ground is generally divided into two categories: power and signal ground. Equipment in various parts of the power ground are connected on the power bus, all signals are connected to the signal bus. The last two bus reference to aggregate to the public. In summary, the shield should be considered the engine room of the ground mixture of ground. 3 1 the specific implementation, decoration materials, decoration materials used in the selection, we should give full consideration to the existing room layout, decor, to the relevant standards-based materials required or recommended, so that the existing room with a unified, coordinated, and give full consideration to environmental factors, environmental testing to ensure compliance, will help staff their own health.

The mini design makes green laser pointer beautiful

The shielding shell electromagnetic shielding room using cold-rolled steel plate welded structure. Shielding shell with high-quality channel steel frame, steel and steel welded into a square grid, floors, walls and top, respectively, with thickness of 2 ~ 2.5mm high quality cold-rolled steel plate welded together. High strength and rigidity, can play a full physical protection and electromagnetic protection role. 2) PSD shielded room performance is good or bad, depending on whether the main factor in a high-performance PSD through the use of magnetic reed with the door on the "knife" crimp, so that the path of the leakage of electromagnetic waves increases, the requirements to achieve leak-proof. 3) The page-turning function, electronic pointer and green laser pointer combine in one, which is simple and practical.Power Filter filtering is the use of the spectral characteristics of the device to control the flow or absorption of harmful interference interference interference in order to achieve the purpose of control. Conducted interference suppression filtering technology is one of the principal means, but also improve the ability of electronic equipment against conducted interference an important measure. 4) calculation of the ventilation air flow through the waveguide, the waveguide size and number of ventilation selected, installed on the shielding shell hexagonal honeycomb ventilation waveguide window. Ventilation window in accordance with the microwave waveguide theory (as waveguide) and strict process, made of hexagonal honeycomb mold by vacuum cut-off waveguide lead solder composition. The mini design makes green laser pointer beautiful and portable.Frequency: 10kHz ~ 10GHz shielding performance: 100dB 5) cut-off waveguide f = 17.5 / d where: f-cut-off frequency. d-diameter circular waveguide tube. Of the integrated wiring system uses fiber optic cable into the shielded room of the way, shielded cable into the room through the waveguide, the waveguide length L is greater than 6d. In the shielded room by Optical, the optical signals into electrical signals, then through the cut-off optical waveguide, in the shielded room outside the optical signal into electrical signals. 4, common shielding materials 1) rubber gasket rubber core and braid shielded wire optional (Monel Ersi, tin-plated steel core wire), used in chassis, cabinets gap shielded, shielded rooms and shielded shelter. A trench and surface mount two ways. The green laser pointer is alloy in texture.2) conductive rubber shielding gasket A, conductive rubber sheet B, conductive rubber shielding of C, double-shielded conductive rubber inner liner: silicone rubber, the outer layer: conductive rubber. 3) Beryllium copper shielding gasket reeds reed made of beryllium copper for communications, computer, shielded rooms, cabins and other equipment shielded gap design. It can not afford to solve the other pad tangential movement problems, but also has high shielding effectiveness, but also has high thermal conductivity, pressure and good features. 4) The conductive adhesive A, grease conductive adhesive applications: conductive rubber sheet with metal bonding; conductive rubber to metal bonding. The green laser pointer has a feather-touch function button.B, epoxy conductive adhesive applications: metal to metal bonding; printed circuit board connections; microwave component lead connections; wire mesh shielding of fixed. 5) conductive filler (conductive putty) Application: used for shielding gasket can not increase the gap at the screen. 6) The magnetic shielding materials or below 100kHz operating frequency magnetic field shielding, the need to provide a very low reluctance to complete the surface, the magnetic field shielding materials with high permeability shielding material. 7) The Glass Shield application: electronic equipment requires a window light, such as: CRT, night crystal instrument display window.

The electronic books can be read if using green laser pointer

Good photoconductivity. Photoconductivity is an important indicator of the drum, it directly affects the print quality is good or bad. Because the drum continuously charging and discharging cycle process requires charging potential rise faster than the application of surface potential Saturated potential higher; otherwise stagnant initial potential also affect the printing quality. After charging the photosensitive drum to a small dark decay, or remain to the surface potential, potential difference can not form the necessary latent image. After exposure of the photosensitive drum discharge faster that light fades quickly. Discharge more thorough the better. Because the number of remaining potential, not only affects the latent image contrast, will bring prints of the "bottom ash." The customer no longer needs to walk towards the projection screen in person due to using of green laser pointer.
Resistance to fatigue. Drum in use, the printer should be recharged, which should have good fatigue resistance, the required life time, the print quality does not decline because of continuous use. Photoconductive drum better stability characteristics, should meet the requirements of continuous use. Laser printers use a drum, usually three-tier structure. The first layer is the aluminum cylinder (conductive layer), the second layer on the surface of the cylinder is vacuum evaporation method, coated with a layer of photoconductor materials (photoconductive layer), the third layer is the outside of the photoconductive material and then plated layer of insulating material (insulating layer). Some of the drum in order to better charge, in the photoconductive layer and the aluminum conductive layer of the middle, add a layer of superconducting material plated to make the charge more quickly released. The consumer can take quality of green laser pointer into account when buying green laser pointer.
The surface of the insulating layer of the drum, one to improve the wear resistance, increased service life; the second is for the photoconductive layer to provide protection against wear and tear of light conductor to keep the light conductor photoconductive properties. Conductive layer of aluminum tube with a laser printer is connected to ground, so that the rapid release of potential exposure. It is a very high precision cylinder, in the process of operation, to maintain constant speed operation and to maintain a uniform charge. Data Translation: To print the full text, image, in addition to its function laser printer, it must also be printed by the computer to the contents of that text or image processing software with text or graphics processing software, compiled into a computer language with a certain format. Its contents are described in the decision by the computer editing software, and laser printer does not have any relationship. green laser pointer can remotely turn over the pieces of page of the documents in computers.
When we selected a printer command, and press OK to print button, the computer the edited data sent to the printer through the printer interface, the printer driver to print to explain the content and convert it into a language the printer can be identified (and called printer language), according to their own language by the printer prints out the text or image has been edited. Different models of laser printers, print languages, using different drivers. Of course, there compatible printer driver. Now the production of laser printers, the language commonly used standard PCL5 or PCL6 print languages. Data transmission: communication between printer and computer transmission port there are many more common is the "serial" or "parallel." EP P / ECP (Enhanced ParalleI Port / Extended Capabilities Port) called Enhanced / Extended Parallel. Distance that the laser ray of green laser pointer can reach is no less than 200 meters.
"Serial" As the slow, seldom used. Others such as the SCSI interface, due to speed, mostly used in more high-end printer. Some printers use video interface (VDO) methods and computer communication, communication with other interfaces in that it is not transmitted data, but the laser beam, faster. Its data is also a "video conversion card" to complete, but it is a total Hang with computer memory, requires a computer has enough buffer space. General typographic use of such interface, the printer industry more. Some high-end printer with a variety of interfaces, which can take more than one computer. Now the production of many printers with faster USB interface. We can clearly visualize a bright straight laser beam of green laser pointerpiercing into the sky.

PPT can be displayed through using green laser pointer

Multi-line deflection while multiple scans: This method simultaneously with multi-line deflection scanning of the same class, but from a character of some areas on the formation of a complete character is divided into multiple scan completed. Graphical information matrix lattice formation and the formation of similar character. Laser printer drum is the core component. It is a photosensitive device, the main light guide material. Its basic principle is the "photoelectric conversion" process. It is consumed in the laser printer as the material used, and its price is relatively expensive. Do not. That is high in the scan dot matrix characters. The power of torch-like green laser pointereven reaches a laboratory grade.
Photosensitive semiconductor semiconductor commonality, such as heat excitation, changes in conductivity after doping. In addition, it also has other semiconductors do not have the "light conductive" properties. Photosensitive semiconductor by light irradiation, its conductivity can be increased by several orders of magnitude. From the band perspective, it's price band in the electronic absorption of light energy, the leap into the conduction band, creating electron - hole pairs. This light generated by the electron - hole pairs, known as "photo-carrier." Photosensitive semiconductor generated within the "light-carrier" increase, its conductivity will increase. After irradiation by the light of this improved conductivity is called "intrinsic optical conductivity." Practical applications, photosensitive doped semiconductor material and subject to the use of lasers made of semiconductor materials. green laser pointer with remote control can also be sent as the gift.
So in addition to the intrinsic optical conductivity, but also must have a light impurity levels excited electrons or holes formed on the optical conductivity of the nature of impurities. In some photosensitive semiconductors, "the optical conductivity impurities" play a major role. Photosensitive semiconductor by light irradiation, the object will be different degrees of change within the "carrier mobility" (carrier mobility is the migration rate and the ratio of the external electric field). Mark objects conductivity "conductance", equal to the carrier density multiplied by the migration rate. Migration rate, increased conductivity, electrical conductivity by the intrinsic optical conductivity, optical conductivity and impurity mobility values joint decision, but under certain conditions, some of which will be the main factors to nothing. Practical application of various light conductors are not the same degree of sensitivity to light. Light conductor and its conductivity is proportional to the sensitivity of the light. So light perception to light a great influence on the conductivity of the conductor. Users will completely free from staying at the side of the computers by using green laser pointer with remote control.
Photoconductor to light the light sensitivity is not the same. A certain kind of light conductor, only the light spectrum of a region with high sense of light, leaving the region, the possible loss of light sensitivity. Photosensitive semiconductor and its application in optical wavelength range, will form a light absorption peak. Within the scope of this peak in photoconductivity best. It also has a relationship with the illumination of light. The higher the illumination, the resulting carrier, the more light the higher the conductivity. However, different characteristics of each optical conductor, so under the same conditions, to achieve the same conductivity indicator light illumination required is different. Now commonly used photoconductive drum material cadmium sulfide (CdS), selenium - arsenic (Se-As). Organic photoconductive materials (opc) and other types. Drum used in the production of light guide material, should have the following characteristics. The torch-like green laser pointer is unlike the ordinary green laser pointer in the shape.
Good wear resistance. Photoconductor surface to have a certain hardness to withstand the process of developing transfer and cleaning of mechanical wear. If the drum (photoconductor) is worn or scratched, will lead to a decline in print quality or damage the drum, when the only scrap of serious wear and tear. In the actual work, because of wear and tear, scratches and drum up scrapped. Now a new type of long-life ceramic drum (a-Si) has been applied to print 300,000 more. Good temperature stability. Photoconductor performance easily affected by temperature, so in the performance of laser printers have a special emphasis on the appropriate use of environmental temperature and humidity, otherwise it will affect the print quality. You should put torch-like green laser pointer of high power out of the reach of children.

The output power of green laser pointer should not more than 5mW

Tunable laser technology from the implementation point of view is divided into: current control, temperature control and mechanical control technology type. Electronic control technology which is achieved by changing the injection current wavelength tuning with ns-class tuning speed, wide tuning bandwidth, but the output power of small, electronic control technology based on the main SG-DBR (sample grating DBR) and GCSR ( sampled grating assisted directional coupler back-reflection) lasers. Temperature control is by changing the refractive index of the laser active region, thus changing the laser output wavelength. The technique is simple, but slow, adjustable bandwidth is narrow, only a few nm. Mainly based on temperature control of the DFB (distributed feedback) and DBR (sub-bubu Bragg reflector) laser. The parameter of green laser pointer has been provided to the customer.
Mechanical control is mainly based on MEMS (microelectromechanical systems) technology to complete the choice of wavelength, with a large tunable bandwidth, high output power. Mechanical control technology based on the main DFB (distributed feedback), ECL (external cavity lasers) and VCSEL (vertical cavity surface emitting laser) structure. The following aspects from the principle of a tunable laser is described. Current control technique based on the general principles of tunable laser by changing the different locations within the fiber grating and phase control section current, so that the fiber grating will change the relative refractive index, resulting in different spectra, generated by different regions of the FBG superposition of different spectra for the choice of a particular wavelength, resulting in need of a specific wavelength of the laser. The customer is asking for the revised parameter of green laser pointer.
Current control technique based on tunable lasers SGDBR (Sampled Grating Distributed Bragg Reflector) structure. The type of semiconductor laser is divided into the enlarged area, the first Bragg grating area, active area, after the phase adjustment region and Bragg grating area. Which the first Bragg grating region, the phase adjustment region and the region after Bragg gratings were to change by different current distribution of the molecular structure of the region, thus changing the Bragg grating period features. For the active region (Active) generated spectra, respectively, the first Bragg grating area and region after the formation of Bragg gratings with small differences in the frequency distribution of the spectrum. For the needs of specific wavelength lasers, tunable lasers, respectively before and after the Bragg grating to impose a different Bragg grating current, so in these two regions have only this particular wavelength does not overlap other wavelengths of spectral overlap, so that the need specific wavelength to output. With. The customer is requiring the result of inspecting parameter of green laser pointer.
When this type of laser also include semiconductor amplifier section, the output of a specific wavelength of laser light power of 100mW or 20mW. Commonly used mechanical control technology based on MEMS to achieve. Mechanical control techniques based on tunable laser using MEMs-DFB structure. Tunable lasers including DFB laser array, MEMs can tilt the lens and other control and auxiliary parts. For the DFB laser array area there are several DFB laser arrays, each array can be generated within a bandwidth of about 1.0nm specific wavelength interval of 25Ghz. MEMs by controlling the rotation angle of the lens need to choose a specific wavelength, so the output needs of specific wavelengths of light. The user has got the permission to check the parameter of green laser pointer.
Another series based on VCSEL structure ML series of tunable lasers, and its design is based on optically pumped vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers, semi-symmetrical cavity technology, the use of MEMS to achieve continuous wavelength tuning. This method is also available through a large optical output power and wide spectral tuning range, the thermistor and TEC packages together so that a wide temperature range in a stable output. In order to accurately control the frequency of a broadband wavelength controller is integrated the same tube shell, front-tap optical power detector and the optical isolator is used to provide a stable output power. This C-band tunable lasers can provide 10/20mW and L-band optical power. The user needs more information to confirm the accuracy of the parameter of green laser pointer.

1000mW of power of green laser pointer can be specifically design by this company

Moment - curvature relationship is the deformation of the basic parameters. This information is input, if the need for nonlinear analysis of it. For unconfined reinforced concrete beam section, usually the first cracking point. First yield of steel = steel production First crack = first first attempt Curvature = curvature Figure 7.3 A typical reinforced concrete beam bending moment - curvature diagram. The first production of reinforced concrete structures and the final FY curvature points can be drawn from the following formula derived through the calculation of concrete strain limit usually assumed to be a value between 0.003 and 0.004 of unconfined concrete. Software available to more precise moment - curvature relationship included other variables. green laser pointer can be widely used in teaching institutions.
If we consider the constraints of concrete, and reinforced concrete stress-strain - the relationship can be used. Other components, the strain compatibility analysis must consider the axial load. 7.12 the strength of concrete design design design ultimate strength 7.12.1 The main requirement is the ability of the structure, SC, is equal to or greater than the structure of demand, SD: modification of factors, including each side of the equation. Structural capacity equal to the nominal strength of FN SC is multiplied by a helmet reduced the ability factor F: Fn is the internal standard strength concrete in the section of the ultimate strength. It is usually caused by the designer based on the theory of mechanics and mechanics from the calculated strength of the material. The intensity formula has been verified, and with the experimental calibration. The working efficiency will be improved considerably by using green laser pointer.
They are generally expressed as a cross-section geometry and strength of the material specified in the function. There are four types of internal strengths: standard time axis, shear VN, axial force, torque, TN. Ability to reduce uncertainty safety factor f according to the theoretical formula, empirical data and tolerance. ACI is listed in Table 7.4 specifies the value of the F factor. Structure needs, SD, is part of the internal forces (moment, shear, axial or reverse) from the load on the structure of the force generated. Structural requirements are usually carried by the structure analysis, using approximate methods or computer software. To enter the specified design load specifications and project specifications, including the live load is usually the standard load, wind and seismic loads. This ACI, IBC and AASHTO design standards specified value should be multiplied by the specified loads and loads of different types of safety factors should be combined (ie SD? 1.2Dead? 1.6Live). green laser pointer has all the functions of a mouse.
ACI load factors in combination are listed in Table 7.5. Combination of the above equation, the definition of a direct relationship between the force and strength of the new structure needs to get this relationship is convenient, because the main design variables, such as the reinforced area, which usually means FN, the analysis can be directly related to the structure components come. Table 7.4 ACI strength reduction factor F standard strength reduction factor F conditions intensity curve (tension control) 0.90 Compression Control (column) spiral transverse reinforcement 0.70A 0.65A 0.75 other horizontal shear and torsion reinforcement of concrete bearing structure of pure concrete 0.65 0.55 AF is allowed, is a linear increase in tensile strain in extreme steel compression control from 0.005 to 0.90 strain increases. Note: The conditions in the earthquake intensity to reduce factors that may need to be modified. It is one of the teaching pointers of green laser pointer.
D is the standard load, or related internal moments and forces, E is the earthquake load, F is the definition of the weight of the fluid and pressure, the pressure is the weight and the soil, H in the soil, water or other material, L is the live load, LR is the roof live load, R is the rain load, S is the snow load, T is the time-varying loads (temperature, creep, shrinkage, differential settlement, etc.), W is the wind load. 7.12.2 The main beam girder design steps and design a formula to determine the beam capabilities outlined in the following. 7.12.2.1 estimated beam size and beam thickness of the cover options, can refer to Table 7.6. For the actual construction, the minimum beam width for the general, the width is about 12 inches fall in the ratio of economic design, the range of 12 to 1. Minimum thickness of concrete cover in Table 7.7, should normally be not less than 1.5 inches 7.12.2.2 moment capacity of a beam section, flexural bend leading to a couple (see Figure 7.4). green laser pointer can totally liberate the users from the bondage of the computer.

The modern equipment including green laser pointer is required to have the function of zoom in

To avoid such failures, we have taken down the amount of power density design. Although the design of the power density are sometimes much lower than the COD extreme, but still occur COD failure, which is due to the laser power density is uneven, due to the local power density. Therefore, materials and devices to ensure uniformity of process, in addition, to prevent cavity surface organic contamination, because the phenomenon of re-occurrence of VOD will lead to the occurrence of COD. Laser life is a function of junction temperature, junction temperature, the lower the longer life expectancy, which is due to the possibility of the failure phenomenon and the growth rate increased with temperature, reducing the thermal resistance is to reduce the junction temperature of the most effective way. It is the sample of the green ray green laser pointer.
However, the carrier bar directly affects the quality of processing device performance is the key to semiconductor laser cooling process. Carrier must be smooth. Can only enhance the finish of the carrier to reduce the solder coating thickness, lower thermal resistance. Using high-precision grinding and polishing machines for processing of the carrier, the carrier can ensure processing quality. 3.4 semiconductor laser production process 1, substrate selection: substrate for epitaxial growth substrate, due to the quality of epitaxial growth was affected by the substrate crystal quality effect, thus requiring the provisions of the crystal substrate should have to and some deviate from the scope of a certain thickness, the appropriate doping concentration, the surface bright and smooth, no scratches, no dislocations within the basic or low error; 2, epitaxial growth: epitaxial material is metal organic chemical vapor deposition epitaxy production. Epitaxial growth process to provide better than the ion implantation impurity distribution control on the charge distribution heterostructure devices have more stringent controls. green laser pointer can be used in pitch-dark nights.
Dielectric film deposition: the deposition of dielectric film before, the wafer must be treated to remove moisture. Dielectric deposition in the P face membrane. The method used here on the sample surface sputtering deposition SiO2; 4, lithography: a lithography objective is to replicate three-dimensional graphics, the size of the graph to graph the same rigid and light. If you copy graphics consistent with the prototype, was positive copy. If the contrary, for negative replication. Graphic area and non-graphical area of difference is obtained by imaging methods. Development can not be removed or the exposure of the photoresist exposure, leaving the photoresist to form graphics, protecting the substrate from the process of chemical erosion process. 5, the corrosion SiO2: the corrosion process, etching solution temperature, concentration and the corrosion time is very critical, they will affect the corrosion effects; 6, and P-ohmic contact metal surfaces: surface ohmic contact material is TiPtAu. The wilderness explorers can use green laser pointer to guide themselves.
P epitaxial wafers before the deposition TiPtAu, acetone and other organic solvents should be repeated using a water bath cleaning. We used electron beam evaporation deposition TiPtAu, in which, for the adhesion of titanium materials; platinum as a diffusion barrier to prevent reaction of gold and titanium and gold into the GaAs; gold to provide very low resistance path that can support high-density current . In addition, thermal stress from the point of view, TiPtAu structural stability; 7, alloys: alloy ion implantation process is to activate the material, surface passivation, release the stress between the different kinds of materials. The principle is to use thermal excitation method causes the chip to control the atomic exchange. 11 8 Yanbian University undergraduate thesis, thinning, polishing: The purpose of thinning is a good electrical contact, good thermal capability. Because not only affect the conductive substrate is too thick, but also on the thermal conductivity. Thinning the substrate film can improve the thermal capacity. Stargazers can use green ray green laser pointer to point at the stars at night.
Thinning Mechanical polishing method, the method is simple, but influenced by human factors, and the thinning of the surface is rough; 9, N metal surface: electron beam evaporation deposition AuGeNi, the deposition surface pre-treatment to ensure the lake plot surface clean. 10, cleavage and measured: the semiconductor laser cavity semiconductor materials is a natural cleavage plane, so the cleavage of a direct relationship between the optical laser efficiency. Now commonly used diamond dicing dicing, the substrate film on the first diamond knife with a notch, then a precise control of pressure on the scroll bar in the substrate film, where the pressure roll bar, piece goods along the notch natural solution grounds open. The benefit of this is not a lot of pressure to make the chip cleavage. green laser pointer can be used to distinguish stars.

green laser pointer can serve as the necessary accessories

Therefore it is necessary to analyze the reliability of semiconductor lasers for the reliability problems that have emerged design. The stability of laser operation is affected by temperature significantly, which is determined by the laser works, so, in order to stabilize the laser to work, usually on the laser carrier automatic temperature control, to make it stable wavelength and power. For semiconductor lasers affect the reliability and life in addition to temperature and working conditions outside of its own because of the active region high power density and cavity surface degradation. green laser pointer can read the electronic books.
Laser degradation mainly in the form of: reduced light output power, threshold current density increases, reduced efficiency, beam quality deterioration model features 9 Yanbian University undergraduate thesis and PI characteristic changes occur "kink." Material degradation can be divided into two categories within: even occur through degradation of the active region; strong absorption of light and dark, dark line defects point defects. The formation of these defects is the material substrate, epitaxial growth and the introduction of process engineering, but also with the non-radiative electron-hole composite structure due to changes in the microstructure. There are two main end damage: catastrophic end damage, cavity surface-chemical corrosion damage. When the surface of the laser light absorption, the surface recombination current density, a large number of local heating, the temperature and the absorption coefficient increased, forming a vicious cycle, resulting in the catastrophic end damage. green laser pointer is normally varnished with superior oil paint.
Cavity surface-chemical corrosion damage is due to photochemical oxidation of the surface and the formation of point defects in the cavity surface, which causes the local cavity surface reflectance changes, affecting the stability of the lasing light wire position, increased non-radiative recombination rate . Cavity surface-absorbing layer formed oxidation corrosion, so that the laser generated from the pulse. Defects in the substrate and process defects in the stress will lead to the introduction of laser short-term failure. Almost all due to the use of high power laser bare package, environmental cleanup and the atmosphere will affect the quality of life of the laser. The level of the junction temperature is the most direct impact on the life of the laser element, the higher the junction temperature, the shorter working life, it is necessary to reduce the thermal resistance of lasers to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency. The shooting distance of yellow ray green laser pointer is much shorter.
Lasers, there are three failure modes, DLD dark line defets) (visible optical namely (, VOD damage) and COD (catastrophic optical damage). DLD failure manifested as a sudden stop working or efficiency of the laser decreased, the figure in the near-field performance local non-luminous, and its failure mechanisms are: the substrate or chip processing defects caused by mechanical damage, the laser heat stress during the work role, and gradually extended to the active layer, the formation of non-radiative recombination centers, the laser stops work or efficiency. To avoid such failure, you can take the following approach: use of substrate defect density as low as possible; chip processing to minimize the stress in the storage process, in particular, dicing and P surface metallization process; will designated Area of corrosion chemical etching a groove, so that will make dicing limit mechanical damage caused by lining the bottom. The brightness of yellow ray green laser pointer is relatively much lower.
VOD performance for the laser-cavity surface failure has deposits in the near-field light intensity map showed a slight decrease, the failure mechanism as follows: organic matter occurred in the surface photochemical reaction chamber to form a sediment. Such failure occurs only in a sealed package devices, so this will not be discussed. COD failure in the near-field diagram for the luminous intensity is very weak performance, the performance of the EBIC map pointing to the ground-cavity surface-active area of the "finger-like" damage zone. The failure mechanisms are: a smooth able to withstand the laser power density is limited, when the laser power density exceeds this limit, the laser-cavity surface will be high-temperature melting, the occurrence of the so-called 10 Yanbian University undergraduate thesis, "catastrophic damage . " Green ray green laser pointer is most welcomed in the international market.

The client can require the appearance of green laser pointer

Therefore, junction conduction band and valence band top to achieve particle (electron) inversion conditions are N area and P area of the quasi-Fermi level difference is greater than the band gap width. This must only be able to do in the highly doped, semiconductor lasers, and this was also the difference between the general semiconductor devices. In the P-N junction with appropriate large positive voltage, so that when the reverse occurs junction particles, if the energy to meet the (5-4) photons by junction type, you can achieve stimulated emission of light. The above calculation is only a rough analysis, rigorous mathematical model for semiconductor lasers, see the monograph. The report will describe the fault status of green laser pointer in details.
Figure (5-28) shows a GaAs laser structure. It is the core of p-n junction. p-n junction of the two ends are the natural crystalline lens surface by Slice open, called the cleavage plane, the two extremely smooth surface, can be directly used as a parallel to the reflecting mirror to form cavity. Upper and lower electrodes applied forward voltage, so that junction produces double degeneracy of the band structure and laser current. Laser can be output from the side of the cleavage plane, but also by both sides of the output. Lasers produce a prerequisite for addition to the laser reverses particles also need to meet the threshold condition, that is, two-way optical resonator magnification is greater than 1, or to meet the gain coefficient given in Chapter II (2-36) is in Here is a semiconductor laser cavity internal losses, the crystal cleavage plane between the two lengths, and for the cleavage surface reflectivity. The company will try to reduce the cost and expense of green laser pointer .
Where is the junction area of electronic life, and its inverse is equal to the energy levels between the Einstein spontaneous emission coefficient, the value for the inversion. Active area of the semiconductor laser population inversion is difficult to determine the value, but it can be linked with the operating current. At low temperatures, assuming a certain time interval, the total number of injected electron laser with the same time occurred the same number of electron and hole recombination to achieve balance, and there were crystal where the width and the thickness of the active area. Into (5-8), we get through the role of the area where the current density. With (2-36) type and is approximately 1 /, threshold current density can be an approximate expression for the. GaAs laser diode volt-ampere characteristics and the same, also has a one-way conductivity. The green laser pointer workshop is holding a lecture to introduce importance of safety of green laser pointer workshop.
Figure (5-29) below. Positive use of the laser system, the resistance depends on the crystal body resistance and contact resistance, the resistance was not much, but the operating current density, can not ignore its impact. Factors affecting the threshold: the greater the concentration of doped crystals, the smaller the threshold value; the smaller the cavity loss, the smaller the threshold value; within a certain range, the cavity length, the lower threshold; temperature on the threshold great influence on the current value of the semiconductor laser should work at low temperature or room temperature. Homojunction semiconductor laser threshold current density is high. Of (3 × 104 ? 5 × 104) A/cm2. Such a high current density, the device will heat. Therefore homojunction semiconductor laser at room temperature only the low repetition rate (a few tens of KHz KHz) under pulsed operation. The machining process of green laser pointer is important to enhance quality of green laser pointer .

The material of green laser pointer has the specific requirement

On the contrary, heavily doped N-type semiconductor in the energy below the Fermi level electronic states are filled, although the temperature is very low, the conduction band also has a free electron. This condition is called N-type degenerate semiconductor. In the non-equilibrium conditions, there will be so-called "double-degenerate semiconductors," then there are two in the semiconductor Fermi level, as shown in Figure (5-25) (f) below (see discussion below). When light shines on a variety of semiconductor as shown in Figure 5-25, in a-e of the five cases, only one of the semiconductor Fermi level, on top of it is not electronic, it has been under full electronic, Therefore, the electron will not be to occupy the empty-state electronic transitions, but only the external photon absorption. The details of technology innovation of green laser pointer will be discussed in the meeting.
Shown in Figure 5-25f case is different, the two Fermi level makes the free electrons in the conduction band, holes in the valence band. If the external photon energy and the electron energy band and lower band in the energy difference between the same hole, it will induce electrons in the conduction band to the valence band hole transitions issued a similar photon. When the external photon energy is greater than two between the Fermi level and the energy difference, or less than the bottom of the conduction band energy level and the top valence band energy difference between the energy levels, it will not induce stimulated emission. Therefore, generated in the semiconductor optical amplification conditions are present in pairs in the semiconductor band degeneracy and the frequency of incident light to meet. Figure (5-25a-e) of the five cases that use the same material, whether it is P-type or N-type semiconductor is only one Fermi level, can not produce optical amplification conditions. The quality group of green laser pointer is in charge of the quality assurance of green laser pointer .
So, the P-and N-type semiconductor production together, that is, P-and N-type link at the formation of a PN junction, the junction is likely to produce two Fermi level it? No electric field, due to the electron and hole diffusion in the PN will have a link at the self field, and cause drift movement. When the diffusion and drift motion balance, according to thermodynamic principles, P zone and the Fermi level N zone must meet the same level, as shown in Figure (5-26). Then in the P and N respectively, P-type region and N-type degenerate degenerate area, P area of the top valence band is full of holes, while the N region conduction band is filled with electronics, resulting in the junction can band bending. Meanwhile, the self field, the formation of the contact potential difference VD, the barrier height eVD. The chip used in this kind of green laser pointer is imported overseas.
In the P-N junction to be forward voltage V, partially offset by the external electric field the role of self-built field, so that PN junction barrier fell, N area of the Fermi level relative to the P region increased eV. Has a positive applied voltage makes the current generation, a phenomenon known as "carrier injection." In this non-equilibrium state, the junction area of the unified Fermi level no longer exists, the formation of junction of the two Fermi level and, subject to the Fermi level, said, as shown in Figure (5-27). In the junction of a thin active region, while a large number of conduction band electrons and valence band holes to form a double-degenerate band structure. Applied voltage generated by carrier injection to the active area of the conduction band electrons and valence band holes resulting composite transition radiation photons. This process produces a non-coherent light, the transition probability of spontaneous emission of electrons in the active area is inversely proportional to the average life expectancy. The information process of green laser pointer is helpful to the site management of green laser pointer workshop.
Produced by stimulated emission of radiation conditions in the junction area of the bottom of the conduction band and valence band at the top of the formation of inversion distribution. To consider laser operating in continuous light of the dynamic balance condition, bottom of conduction band electrons can occupy the probability of N area to calculate the quasi-Fermi equation, respectively, N area and P area of the quasi-Fermi level. Respectively, and the conduction band energy levels of the valence band top, and bottom, respectively, for the conduction band and valence band electrons to occupy the top chance. In the junction conduction band and valence band top to achieve particle (electron) inversion of the conditions is that this means that, in the end zone on the conduction band that occupy energy levels of the electron probability, greater than the valence band top of the next level the electron occupation probability, will be (5-5) and (5-6) into the condition and simplifying to get. The working state of green laser pointer is normal.

Green Laser Pointer can help the lecturer to display the document better

The invention of laser science and technology in the 20th century, a major achievement. It allows people to drive finally have the ability to measure very small number of very, very chaotic movement of molecules and atoms of light-emitting process, resulting in generation, amplification coherent infrared, visible light and ultraviolet light (as well as X-ray and γ-ray) capabilities. The rise of science and technology of laser light to the understanding and use of human has reached a new level. The birth of the history of lasers can be divided into several stages, including the 1916 Albert Einstein proposed the concept of stimulated emission is an important theoretical basis. The group member should submit the weekly report of Green Laser Pointer to the leader of technology group.
This theory that the particles of matter in high energy state by an energy equal to the energy difference between two energy levels of photons role will shift to the lower state, and produce a second photon, with the first photon emitted at the same time, this is the stimulated emission. This radiation output of the light received, amplified, and is coherent light, such as the number of photons that transmit direction, frequency, phase, polarization identical. Since then, the establishment and development of quantum mechanics to the microscopic structure of people's material and the movement of a deeper understanding of the distribution of micro-particle energy levels, transitions, and photon radiation issues have been stronger evidence, this is also an objective more perfect Einstein's theory of stimulated emission, the laser produces further theoretical foundation. The workshop has imported a set of very advanced equipment of process Laser Pointer.
The late 1940s, after the birth of quantum electronics, was soon applied to study electromagnetic radiation and the interaction of a variety of micro-particle system, and developed many of the corresponding devices. The scientific theory and technology, the rapid development of the invention are laser to create the conditions. If a system is in a state of high energy particles than the low-energy states of particles, the particles appeared inversion state. So long as there is a photon trigger, it will force a high-energy states of atoms in the stimulated emission of a photon with the same, these two photons will lead to other atoms by stimulated emission of radiation, thus achieving a light amplification; if the rate of the appropriate role of the feedback resonator oscillation light is formed, which emits a laser. The customer is checking the quantity of parts of Green Laser again and again.
This is the laser works. In 1951, American physicist Purcell and Pound in the experiment successfully created a population inversion, and received per second by stimulated emission of 50 kHz. Later, the U.S. physicist Charles Townes and the Soviet physicist ? Masuo Fu and general Huoluo Fu has proposed the use of atomic and molecular theory of stimulated emission to generate and amplify microwave design. However, the microwave spectroscopy are mostly theoretical and experimental study of "pure science", can successfully developed for the laser in the end, at that time still very slim. But after all the efforts of scientists with the results. In 1954, the previously mentioned American physicist Townes finally made the first molecular beam ammonia maser, successfully pioneered the use of molecular and atomic systems as coherent microwave amplifier or oscillator precedent. The safety situation of Green Laser Pointer workshop is the main concern of the customer.
Townes, who developed the maser produced only 1.25 cm wavelength of the microwave power is very small. Production and technological development needs to promote the scientists to explore new luminescence mechanism to generate new high performance light source. In 1958, Townes and sister Fu Ese ? Xiaoluo the maser and optical, spectroscopy combined theoretical knowledge, the paper introduces the open cavity of key recommendations, and to prevent the laser coherence, direction , line width, and noise properties. The same period, Basov and general Huoluo Fu, who also proposed to achieve light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation principles of the program. The quality of Green Laser Pointer will be enhanced according to the customer’s requirements.

Green Laser Pointer is also warmly welcome in other developed countries

Tune the laser, which is specifically refers to the use of certain switching technology to achieve high output power of pulsed lasers, which works in the work material after the formation of population inversion is not to produce laser oscillation (switch off) until the particles accumulate to a high enough level, the sudden momentary open switch, which can in a relatively short period of time (eg 10 to 10 seconds) to form a very strong laser oscillation and output of high power pulsed laser (see Technology '"class = link> laser transfer technology). mode-locked laser, which is a kind of mode-locking technique using a special type of laser. The short preheating time of Green Laser Pointer is one of the most remarkable characteristics of Laser Pointer .
The work is characterized by a different longitudinal mode resonant cavity to determine the phase relationship between, so get a look at the time interval is so short laser pulse (pulse width 10 ~ 10 seconds) sequence, if the further use of special fast optical switching technology, you can also select from the pulse sequence of a single ultrashort laser pulse (see the laser mode-locking technique). Single-mode and laser frequency stabilization, single-mode lasers is limited in the use of certain techniques in single-mode or single-longitudinal-mode transverse mode operation of the state lasers, laser frequency stabilization is the use of certain automatic controls of the laser output wavelength or frequency stable accuracy within a certain special laser device. The light of Green Laser Pointer can be seen afar.
In some cases, also be made of both single-mode operation and frequency of automatic stability control with special laser device (see the laser frequency stabilization technique). Tunable lasers, in general, the laser output wavelength is fixed, but the use of special tuning technology, making some of the laser output laser wavelength can be continuously controlled within a certain range to change, and that a class of lasers as tunable lasers (see Laser tuning technology). According to the laser output wavelength range of different types of lasers can be divided into the following categories. Far-infrared laser, the output wavelength range is between 25 to 1000 microns, some of the molecular gas lasers and free electron laser of the laser output that fall into this area. The packing information of Green Laser  is complete enough.
Mid-infrared lasers, refers to the output of the laser wavelength in the infrared (2.5 to 25 microns) laser devices, representative for the CO molecular gas laser (10.6 microns), CO molecular gas lasers (5 to 6 microns). Near-infrared lasers, refers to the output laser wavelength in the near infrared region (0.75 to 2.5 microns) laser devices, representative for the neodymium-doped solid state laser (1.06 micron), CaAs semiconductor diode laser (0.8 micron) and some gas lasers. Visible lasers, refers to the output of the laser wavelength in the visible spectral region (4000 to 7000 angstroms, or 0.4 to 0.7 microns) of a class of laser devices, representative for the ruby laser (6943 ?), He-Ne laser (6328 ?), argon ion laser ( 4880 angstroms, 5145 angstroms), krypton ion laser (4762 angstroms, 5208 angstroms, 5682 angstroms, 6471 angstroms) and a number of tunable dye lasers. The quality recognition of Green Laser Pointer has the professional procedure to guide the implementation.
Near UV lasers, the output of the laser wavelength is near UV spectral region (2000 ~ 4000 Angstroms), representative of the molecular nitrogen laser (3371 ?) xenon fluoride (XeF) excimer laser (3511 angstroms, 3531 angstroms), fluoride Krypton (KrF) excimer laser (2490 ?), and certain other tunable dye laser VUV laser, the output laser wavelength in the vacuum ultraviolet spectral region (50 to 2000 angstroms) representative for the (H) molecular laser (1644 - 1098 angstroms), xenon (Xe) excimer laser (1730 ?) and so on. X-ray lasers, refers to the output wavelength in the X-ray spectral region (0.01 ~ 50 ?) of the laser system, the current soft X-rays has been developed, but still at the exploratory stage. The customer wants to add some more clauses to Green Laser Pointer agreement.